Page - 141 - in Loss and Damage from Climate Change - Concepts, Methods and Policy Options

5 Attribution:HowIs ItRelevant forLoss… 141 5.4.3 Informing theDistributionofAdaptationorL&D Funding Another frequent, and related, discussion about the potential use of attribution sci- enceconcernswhether itmightbeapplied tohelp informdistributionof adaptation or (potential)L&Dfunding.Currentlyprojectswhich seek support from theGreen ClimateFundare judgedagainst a listofcriteria, forexampleexpected reduction in vulnerability and ability to strengthen institutional capacity (the investment frame- workisdocumentedine.g.GCF2015).It isconceivablethatsomekindofattribution evidencemightberequiredaspartsuchachecklist.InthecontextofL&D,somehave suggested a separate fund could be established for projectswhich seek to address lossesanddamages(e.g.RichardsandBoom2015).Suchafundwouldpresumably also have a list of necessary criteriawhich could include attribution evidence. The concept of aL&Dfund is related to the ideaof aglobal compensationmechanism, butherewediscuss it separately, since it could, for example, bebasedonvoluntary contributions, and it isperhapsuseful to thinkabouthowevidencemightbeapplied todistributeavailable funds rather than toextractnewfunding fromemitters. Several authors (Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2011) and stakeholders interviewed (in Parkeret al. 2017a;Sippelet al. 2015)havesuggested thatattributionsciencecould be used to help allocate resources.However, others argue that, given disparities in thestrengthofevidence, itwouldbecounterproductiveorunfair togivepriorityonly toprojectswhichaddressimpactsthatcanbeconfidentlyattributedtoanthropogenic Fig.5.9 Mapdemonstrating the locationofweather stations in theGlobalHistoricalClimatology Network (black points), as well as the number of detected impacts reported in the IPCCAR5 forAnnex I countries (in purple),Non-Annex I countries (in green), and regions not party to the UNFCCC(ingrey). SourceHuggel et al. (2016b)