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156 E.Calliari et al.
L&Dwouldnot feel asaunilateral concessiondevelopedcountriesmake tovulner-
able ones: it would rather be about elaborating patterns of collective action on an
issueofcommonconcern.
Keywords LossandDamage ·AOSIS ·UNFCCC · International relations
Neorealism ·Liberalism ·Constructivism
6.1 Foundations foranInternationalRelations’
Contribution to theDebate
In recent years, the academic community hasmade important contributions to the
Loss&Damage (L&D) debate, especially by (i) framing it through a disaster and
climate riskmanagementperspective (Mechler et al. 2014;FeketeandSakdapolrak
2014; Birkmann andWelle 2015;Mechler and Schinko 2016); (ii) looking at the
connection betweenL&Dand the limits to adaptation (Warner and van derGeest
2013, 2015); (iii) outlininghowattribution studies could support the assessment of
L&D(Huggeletal.2013; Jamesetal.2014);and(iv)discussingL&D’sconnection
with theconceptofstate responsibility in international law(TolandVerheyen2004;
Verheyen2012, 2015;Mayer 2014;Mace andVerheyen2016). Someauthors have
also provided historical overviews on the emergence of L&D in the international
debate, analysed the roleof theUNFCCCinaddressing it, anddiscussed thepossi-
ble implications of theWarsaw InternationalMechanism (WIM) (Huq et al. 2013;
McNamara 2014;MathewandAkter 2015;Roberts andHuq2015; Stabinsky and
Hoffmaister 2015).Against this background, contributionsbypolitical science and
InternationalRelations(IR)scholarshavebeenalmostabsent (recentexceptionsare
Johnson (2017),VanhalaandHestbaek (2016)andCalliari (2016a)).
This is onlypartly surprising.Overall, limited attentionhasbeendevoted to cli-
mate changewithin the discipline, especiallywhen considering adaptation-related
issues (CrumpandDownie2015).While contributionsonmitigationare somewhat
more common,where the need for international cooperation ismore evident, this
is not the case for adaptation and its (possible) failures and limits (i.e., L&D).Yet,
there are a number of reasonswhy the current discourse on adaptation and its lim-
its/constraintsshouldbeofinterest tothoseexploringglobalpolicyandinternational
power relations (Khan2016):These include the self-interest of states andhow ina
globalised and interconnectedworld they are exposed to the effects of social, eco-
nomic,political, environmental, and technologicalevents, evenwhenthoseoccur in
a different corner of theworld. In addition, norms, values and justice imperatives
also featureasabase forcollectiveactiononadaptation (BrownandWeiskel2002)
andplayanevenmore important rolewhenconsideringL&D.
MoreoverL&DprovidesaveryinterestingcasetobestudiedbyIRscholarsgiven
the relevance of power dynamics in the climate changenegotiations setting and its
complex, asymmetrical andmultilateral characteristics.Decision-makingunder the
Loss and Damage from Climate Change
Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Title
- Loss and Damage from Climate Change
- Subtitle
- Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Authors
- Reinhard Mechler
- Laurens M. Bouwer
- Thomas Schinko
- Swenja Surminski
- JoAnne Linnerooth-Bayer
- Publisher
- Springer Open
- Date
- 2019
- Language
- English
- License
- CC BY 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-319-72026-5
- Size
- 16.0 x 24.0 cm
- Pages
- 580
- Keywords
- Environment, Climate change, Environmental law, Environmental policy, Risk management
- Categories
- International
- Naturwissenschaften Umwelt und Klima