Page - 160 - in Loss and Damage from Climate Change - Concepts, Methods and Policy Options

160 E.Calliari et al. Fig.6.2 TheWIMintheUNFCCCarchitecture.AccordingtoDecision2/CP.19, theWIMreports annually to theCOP. SourceAdapted fromownelaboration year rollingwork plan. As for the latter, its strategic workstreamswere approved at COP23 and call for enhanced cooperation on: (1) Slow onset events; (2) Non- economic losses; (3) Comprehensive riskmanagement approaches; (4)Migration, displacement and humanmobility; and (5) action and support, including finance, technologyandcapacity-building. The “structure, mandate and effectiveness” of theWIM is to be periodically reviewed,with thefirst reviewtobeheld in2019andsubsequentones to takeplace nomore than5years apart (UNFCCC2017).Reviews shouldconsiderprogresson the implementationof theExCom’sworkplanbut also adopt a long-termvision to reflectonhowtheWIMmaybeenhancedandstrengthened.Asaninput to the2019 review,decision4/CP.22called fora“technicalpaper (to)bepreparedby thesecre- tariatelaborating thesourcesoffinancial support”.AtCOP23itwasagreed that the lattershouldbeinformedbyanexpertdialogue(baptisedas“SuvaExpertDialogue”) that tookplaceinMay2018, inorder“toexploreawiderangeof information, inputs and views onways for facilitating themobilisation and securing of expertise, and enhancement of support, including finance, technology and capacity-building, for averting,minimisingandaddressing lossanddamage” (SBIandSBSTA2017). Besides theWIM,amajor institutionalmilestoneonL&Dwas reachedwith the adoptionof theParisAgreement.Astand-alonearticle8recognisesL&Dasdistinct fromadaptation, elevating it almost as a third pillar of climate action.Through the article“Partiesrecognizetheimportanceofaverting,minimizingandaddressingloss anddamageassociatedwiththeadverseeffectsofclimatechange, includingextreme weathereventsandslowonsetevents”(UNFCCC2015).Thearticlesanctionstheper- manenceoftheWIM,whilstleavingthedooropenforittobe“enhancedandstrength- ened”throughfutureCOPdecisions.ItalsocallsPartiestowork“onacooperativeand