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164 E.Calliari et al.
tribution’meansremains lacking.Gambiaalsoreferenced theneed toprovide the
privatesector inLDCswith toolsandinformationtohelp themrespondtotherisk
ofL&D.Thesubmissionspecificallymentions ‘climateservices forusers inboth
thepublicandprivatesectorinLDCsandothervulnerablecountries,(…including
the) strengtheningofmeteorological services indevelopingcountries to facilitate
free sharingofdataand information’ (Gambia2011).
TheWorldHealthOrganization,InternationalLabourOrganization,andUNISDR
haveallmadesimilarcalls.However,while thesesubmissionspoint toacleardeficit
in integrating theprivatesector, theydonotprovidemuchdetailon theexpectations
thatcomewithit.TheUShasbeenmorespecificinexplainingtheaimofthisprivate
sector engagement: ‘increase collaborationwith the private sector (…) to achieve
effective and comprehensive riskmanagement. (…)We should also prioritise the
development of strategies that leverage private sector resources and createmarket-
basedmechanisms that are not overly reliant onpublic sector budgets, and that are
sustainable in the long term’ (USA2011).
ExCom’s2016reportmakesseveral references to theprivatesector. Inparticular
theExCom(SBSTAandSBI2016):
• has recommended to theCOP that the private sector be invited to cooperate and
collaborateon issues relating toL&Dwhere relevant.
• has initiated engagementwith the private sector to identify how to enhance the
implementationofcomprehensive riskmanagementapproaches relating toL&D.
• has reachedout toprivate investors toencourage themto incorporateclimate risk
and resilience intodevelopmentprojects.
TheonlysectorthathasbeenengagedintheL&DdiscussionsundertheUNFCCC
istheinsuranceindustry.Infact,thedominantfocusoninsurance-relatedinstruments
within theWIMis likely to have been influencedby the presence and engagement
of these insurancecompanies.
Aparticularlyprominent rolehasbeenplayedbyMCII.MCIIwas initiatedas a
charitableorganisationby representativesof insurers, research institutes andNGOs
in 2005 in response to the rising interest in insurance-related solutions for climate
adaptation. It brings together a broad range of insurers, policy researchers, NGOs
andotherclimatechangeexpertsinasingleforum.TheUNFCCCisrecognisedasan
‘observer’and‘friend’ofMCII.Between2008and2011,MCII’ssubmissionstothe
UNFCCCfocused on the role of insurance forweather-related risks in the context
of adaptation (MCII 2012). Notably, some elements of a 2008MCII proposal for
a climate riskmanagementmodule, comprisingprevention and insurancepillars to
facilitateadaptation(MCII2008),wereeventuallyincludedintheCancunAdaptation
Frameworkand theSBIWorkProgramonL&D.
Other parts of the insurance industry are also showing an emerging interest in
L&D.ThishasbeenhighlightedbythePhilippines,whichhostedaUNFCCCStand-
ingCommitteeonFinanceforuminearlySeptember2016.Theforumwasdesigned
to support thework of theWIMandExCom. The programme for the forumwas
designedby theUNEPFIPrinciples forSustainable Insurance (PSI) Initiative, and
Loss and Damage from Climate Change
Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Title
- Loss and Damage from Climate Change
- Subtitle
- Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Authors
- Reinhard Mechler
- Laurens M. Bouwer
- Thomas Schinko
- Swenja Surminski
- JoAnne Linnerooth-Bayer
- Publisher
- Springer Open
- Date
- 2019
- Language
- English
- License
- CC BY 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-319-72026-5
- Size
- 16.0 x 24.0 cm
- Pages
- 580
- Keywords
- Environment, Climate change, Environmental law, Environmental policy, Risk management
- Categories
- International
- Naturwissenschaften Umwelt und Klima