Page - 210 - in Loss and Damage from Climate Change - Concepts, Methods and Policy Options

210 O.Serdeczny Biodiversity Intrinsic Values Dignity (human mobility) Intrinsic value of biodiversity Physical and mental well-being Loss of culturally important landscapes Territory Habitat destrucƟon (homes) Places Social cohesion, peacefully funcƟoning society Security (human mobility) Adverse health impact Health Physical and mental well-being Ability to solve problems collecƟvely Ecosystem Service Sovereignty (territory) EducaƟon Agency Intrinsic Instrumental Loss of producƟve land ProducƟon Sites IdenƟty (Knowing/Belonging) Communal Sites DestrucƟon of cultural sites Cultural heritage Artefacts Habitat destrucƟon (markets,religious sites) material non-material TradiƟons/religion/customs Loss of knowledge/ways of thinking Decline of (indigenous) knowledge Indigenous and local knowledge Loss of idenƟty Social bonds/relaƟons Sense of Place (territory) Sources: ADB 2015; Morrissey&Oliver-Smith 2013; Fankhauser et al.2014 Biodiversity/Species Biodiversity loss Loss of life Human Life Ecosystem services Ecosystem Services Fig.8.1 Cases and categories ofNELDas reported in the literature published by 2015. Source Serdecznyet al. (2016b) the anthropologist andEnewetak ethnographerCarucci in his testimonybefore the NuclearClaimsTribunalKirschwrites: He[Carucci]notedthatAmericansmoveonaveragesixtimesduringtheirlifetimesandtreat land as a commodity, ‘something that is used, purchased and sold.’Relationships to place are temporary, and land is ‘something that one can buy, utilize for a short period of time, andpasson.’Ourattachmenttoplace, inCarucci’sestimation, is‘quitemodest.’ Incontrast, theMarshallese regard landasa ‘differentkindofentity,’ anelement ‘ofone’sveryperson’ andan‘integralpartofwhopeopleareandhowtheysituate themselves in theworld.’Their ‘senseof self,bothpersonalandcultural, isdeeplyembedded inapieceof land,’ theirweto or landparcel (Kirsch2001:173). Similarly,Morrissey andOliver Smith (2013) relate the high value of glaciers to Andean villagers whose culture is composed of a system of traditional knowl- edgeandcultural narrativesaround theseglaciers.Suchcontext-dependencemakes