Page - 213 - in Loss and Damage from Climate Change - Concepts, Methods and Policy Options

8 Non-economicLossandDamageand theWarsaw… 213 prehensiveriskmanagementapproaches toaddressLossandDamage; (b)Strength- eningdialogue,coordination,coherenceandsynergiesamongrelevantstakeholders; (c)Enhancingactionandsupport, includingfinance, technologyandcapacitybuild- ing(UNFCCC2012).WithregardstoNELD,function(a)isbeingaddressedthrough theestablishmentof anexpert group,2whichwill likelyalsopositivelyaffect fulfil- ment of function (b). Function (c) has not yet been addressed. Further elaboration on this function, agreeduponaccording toDecision2/CP.19 (UNFCCC2013b), (c) canoffersomeinsightsonwhatmightbeexpectedinthefutureandisworthquoting in full length: i. Providing technical support and guidance on approaches to address loss and damageassociatedwithclimate change impacts, includingextremeevents and slowonset events; ii. Providing information and recommendations for consideration by theConfer- enceofthePartieswhenprovidingguidancerelevanttoreducingtherisksofloss anddamageand,wherenecessary,addressinglossanddamage, includingtothe operatingentitiesof thefinancialmechanismoftheConvention,asappropriate; iii. Facilitatingthemobilizationandsecuringofexpertise,andenhancementofsup- port, includingfinance,technologyandcapacity-building,tostrengthenexisting approaches and,where necessary, facilitate the development and implementa- tionofadditionalapproachestoaddresslossanddamageassociatedwithclimate changeimpacts, includingextremeweathereventsandslowonsetevents;(Deci- sion2/CP.19) As is evidenced in the reference to the financialmechanismof theConvention, guidanceandpotential standardsdevelopedunder theWIMcanbeexpected tohave consequencesforcountriesaffectedbylossesanddamages,andbyextensionsNELD. Any financial mechanism is likely to rely on standardised assessment criteria for decidingwhichprojects to fund.This is for example thecase for theGreenClimate Fund,wherea setof criteriaandsub-criteriahasbeendeveloped toguide the rating ofprojectproposals (GreenClimateFund2014). It isopentoquestionwhethercon- siderationofNELDwill everprecipitate intoconcrete rulesunderwhichconditions pre-determined levelsof supportwillbegrantedexplicitly foraddressingNELD. In eithercase, it isclearthatrecommendationsdevelopedundertheWIMinthecoming yearsarelikelytobeoflastingeffectforthetreatmentofNELDundertheUNFCCC. PlacedundertheUNFCCC,NELDisanareaofconcernfortheinternationalcom- munity and responseswill beguidedby theprincipleof commonbutdifferentiated responsibility.Thismeans thatconsiderationsof fairburdensharingneed toaccom- pany the development and implementation of bothmeasures to avoid risks linked toNELDandmeasures to respond to unavoidedNELD impacts. In the context of 2See http://unfccc.int/adaptation/groups_committees/loss_and_damage_executive_committee/ite ms/9694.php.