Page - 295 - in Loss and Damage from Climate Change - Concepts, Methods and Policy Options

12 IntegratedDisasterRiskManagementandAdaptation 295 Fig.12.4 Increaseinfloodrisk(expectedannualdamage—EAD—andannualpotentialcasualties) of floods inHoChiMinhCity, from the present to year 2050 and 2100, for three combinations of climate andsocio-economic scenarios:RCP4.5andSSP2,RCP8.5andSSP5, and thehigh-end ofRCP8.5 and SSP5. The area of the circles is proportional to the intensity of the impacts. The different colours indicate howmuch of the increase (with respect to the present impacts, in the white circles) is attributed to sea level rise, to economic growth, to population growth, and to the combinationofsea level riseandeconomicgrowth. SourceModifiedfromScussolinietal. (2017) The analysis shows that appropriate adaptation can considerably reduce losses anddamages (Fig. 12.5), but noneof the solutions investigatedwill reduce impacts tozero,whichmeansthataresidualriskremains.Thecost-benefitanalysisresultsof thesemeasuresarereported inSect.12.3.Theseresultscan informdecision-making onwhichadaptationpathway to take.