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12 IntegratedDisasterRiskManagementandAdaptation 309
discharge itcanaccommodate.Threeoptionswere takenforwardfor furtherevalua-
tionusingtheDAPP.Thefigurescorecard(Box12.5)showsthatPathways1,3,6,and
7exhibit thebest targeteffect.Option4starts toperformunacceptably(notreaching
the 1:440objective) after 40β50years and thus requires a stageddecision tomove
toOption2C;Option2Cbyitself reaches the targetby2095β2105,andonlyOption
1will enable the target tobemetgoingbeyond100years.Theapproachof adapta-
tionpathwayshasbeenadopted in thenationalcoastalguidance. InBangladesh, the
adaptationpathwayswereused todevelopanadaptiveplan inspiredby theadaptive
deltamanagement approach in theNetherlands.Theplanshouldensure
longtermwaterandfoodsecurity,economicgrowthandenvironmental sustainabilitywhile
effectivelycopingwithnaturaldisasters,climatechangeandotherdeltaissuesthroughrobust,
adaptiveand integratedstrategies, andequitablewatergovernance (BangladeshDeltaPlan,
inprep;www.bangladeshdeltaplan.org).
This aim illustrates an important difference in the application of adaptation
pathways in the Netherlands and Bangladesh, despite the resemblance in terms
of geographic, hydrological, physiographic and climatic vulnerability. While the
BangladeshDeltaPlan focuseson enabling socio-economicdevelopment and food
security, theDutchDelta Plan is oriented atprotecting the socio-economic system
and increasingecologicalvalueof theDutchwater system. InBangladesh the focus
is thus on investments for achieving development goals that should be robust or
adaptive under uncertain changing conditions. The difference is also expressed in
different criteria that are used to assess risk and evaluate pathways. In addition to
floodrisk,criteriasuchaspoverty,health,andgenderareconsidered inBangladesh.
Like in the Netherlands, the adaptive plan presents preferred strategies/pathways
thatexistofshort-term(<2030),mid-term(2030β2050)andlong-term(2050β2100)
strategies.Theshort-termstrategiesaimtoaddresspresentandnearfutureneedsand
development targets to ensure foodandwater security inorder tobecomeamiddle
incomecountry.The long-termstrategies arebasedon two iconic end-points, envi-
sioningadelta that isfixedandwherewater iscontrolledwithdikesandpumps,ora
delta thathas still dynamicswithnature-basedsolutionand landusemeasures.The
BangladeshDeltaPlanpathwaysare still under constructionandneed further elab-
oration to enable implementation. The Bangladesh Planning Commission (2017)
published initial results. Regarding disaster riskmanagement for the lowerKulna
region, theydescribe apathway that startswith constructionof sea dykes thatmay
reachacceptablerisklevelsupto2050,andcanthenbecombinedwithastormsurge
barrier.
Loss and Damage from Climate Change
Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Title
- Loss and Damage from Climate Change
- Subtitle
- Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Authors
- Reinhard Mechler
- Laurens M. Bouwer
- Thomas Schinko
- Swenja Surminski
- JoAnne Linnerooth-Bayer
- Publisher
- Springer Open
- Date
- 2019
- Language
- English
- License
- CC BY 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-319-72026-5
- Size
- 16.0 x 24.0 cm
- Pages
- 580
- Keywords
- Environment, Climate change, Environmental law, Environmental policy, Risk management
- Categories
- International
- Naturwissenschaften Umwelt und Klima