Page - 394 - in Loss and Damage from Climate Change - Concepts, Methods and Policy Options

394 R.Mechler et al. amplified by ElNiño episodes.We show howdifferent tools andmethods can be co-generated andused at different learning stages and across temporal and agency scalesbyresearchersandpractitioners.Seamless integration isneitherpossible,nor desirable, and inmany instances, an adaptivemanagement approach through,what wecall, aShared ResilienceLearningDialogue, canprovide theboundaryprocess thatconnects thedifferentanalyticalelementsdevelopedandparticularlylinksthose upwith community-ledprocesses.Our critical examinationof the experience from theAllianceleadsintosuggestionsfor identifyingnovelfundingandsupportmodels involvingNGOs,researchersandtheprivatesectorworkingsidebysidewithpublic sector institutions to deliver community level support formanaging risks thatmay go“beyondadaptation.” Keywords Flood risk ·Resilience ·Science-societypartnerships ·Boundary objects ·Adaptivemanagement ·Learning 17.1 Introduction:The2015PolicyImperatives andtheImplications for theLossandDamageDebate International policy as well as local risk and resilience practice are increasingly challenging the scientific community to provide actionable knowledge for identi- fying acceptable and efficient responses through risk analysis, policy insight and governance studies that help to build resilience. It has been well understood that implementationneeds to bemulti-scalar involvingpartnerships between civil soci- ety, private sector andgovernment entities (ENHANCE2016). 17.1.1 GlobalPolicy Imperative-ReducingRisks andBuildingResilience Policy related to climate risk and resilience in recent years hasmade great strides forward.TheWorldConferenceonDisasterRiskReduction,whichledtotheSendai Framework for Action, demonstrated increasing recognition that a broad-based approach isnecessary to incentivise risk reduction, avoid riskcreationandgenerate additional co-benefits that go beyond the direct and indirect gains from reducing risk(UN2015).TheSustainableDevelopmentGoals (SDG),passedaswell in2015, constituteauniversalsetof17goalsand169targetsdefiningdevelopmentaspiration and ideally transformation inan integrated fashion (UN2105).Aneed for transfor- mation is being seen as increasingly relevant for the climate discourse, and at the endof2015,Paris sawthe full endorsementunderarticle8of theWarsawLossand DamageMechanism (WIM),createdatCOP19to“dealwithclimate-relatedeffects, including residual impacts after adaptation” (UNFCCC2015).