Page - 406 - in Loss and Damage from Climate Change - Concepts, Methods and Policy Options

406 R.Mechler et al. options, scientific evidence regarding climate change, risk and resilience informa- tion; (ii) analysis of climate-related risks, such as using flood riskmodelling; (iii) appraisals of the resilience of capacities; and (iv) implementation of options and solutions that further build resilience (suchas raisingflood riskprotection). Impor- tantly, going through the incremental adjustment cycle allows for identifying risks beyondstandardadaptationcallingforfundamentalandtransformativeadjustments. Fundamentaladjustmentoptionsmaybetoprovidemoreroomfor theriver, sopeak floods levels can be absorbed. Transformative adjustmentsmay involve resettling flood-pronehouseholds. In this fashion, the loop-learning framework sets out a continuous process for identifying and generating sequential adjustment to changing risk and resilience conditions,whichbenefitsthecommunitiesatriskaswellas,ifprojectedforlevelsof globalwarming,provides insight regarding thestresses imposedbyclimatechange, thus underlining theneed for stringentmitigation efforts and support for resilience building. 17.5 ApplicationofMethodsandModels Wenow turn to presenting some of themethods and tools used for theAlliance’s Shared Resilience Learning Dialogue. As laid out, the Alliance is working with communities inMexico, Nepal, Indonesia, and Peru in order to design advanced modelling techniques that are robust, user-driven, and user-friendly. Thework and findingsaimatnotonlyhelpingcommunitiesdirectlyatrisk,butalsoeventuallysup- portinglocal,national,andinternationalpolicymakers,NGOs,anddonorsworldwide tomainstreamrisk reductionagainstmultiplenaturalhazards. 17.5.1 UnderstandingRisk:RiskGeoWiki andCrowdsourcing Communities need flood-related risk information to prepare for and respond to floods—to inform risk reduction strategies and strengthen resilience, improve land use planning, and generally prepare for the casewhen disaster strikes. But across much of the developingworld, data are sparse at best and not fit for the purpose for understanding the dynamics of flood risk. The IIASARisk Geo-Wiki online platformprovides for a risk crowdsourcing approach and acts not only as a repos- itory of available flood-related spatial information, but also provides for two-way informationexchange.Theplatformprovidesdigital technology in termsofcrowd- sourcing and citizen science in order to integrate local/traditional knowledge and expert-sourced knowledge to better understand flood vulnerability of households and communities, scaling up community-level information to river basin level and