Page - 421 - in Loss and Damage from Climate Change - Concepts, Methods and Policy Options

17 SupportingClimateRiskManagementatScale… 421 initiativeprocess-based tools suchasvulnerabilityandcapacityassessment,partici- patorycapacityandvulnerabilityanalysis,stakeholdermapping,hazardmappingand vulnerability assessments, household economic analyses, political economic anal- ysis, etc. TheZFRAcase studies all dealwithmarginal communities that have to face erosive flood-related risk in Nepal, Peru,Mexico and Indonesia. The charge is to support incrementalwith fundamental and transformative adjustments across the risk spectrum to supportDRRandCCApractice aswell as Loss andDamage policydebate.Globalpolicy,suchasonLossandDamageis increasinglyfacedwith demandsforlocal, i.e.subnationaltocommunity-levelengagementtodeliver“onthe frontlinesofclimatechange.”Thepartnershipmodeldescribedshowsoneeffective model for doing so. It also shows that seamless integration of tools andmethods across partners is neither feasible nor desirable. It is not fully feasible, as partners followdifferent theories of change building on differences in ontological perspec- tives. It is not desirable as these differences inworldviews aremutually enriching andconduciveforactionatappropriatescales(local toglobal).Thelackofseamless integration can be effectively dealt with by the adaptive learning approach imple- mented through the SharedResilience Learning. Continuous learning for partners andstakeholdersallowsfor identifyingoptionsandsolutions thatworkacrossscale, are acceptable, efficient and above all, effective for those dealingwith increasing risks fromclimatechangenowand in the future. Acknowledgements Funding by the Z Zurich Foundation through the Zurich FloodResilience Alliance Program is gratefully acknowledged.We particularly thankMichael Szönyi for helpful comments. References ActionAid (2005) Participatory vulnerability analysis, a step-by-step guide for field staff. Antic- ipatory vulnerability analysis, a step-by-step guide for field staff. Johannesburg: Action Aid International BruneauM(2006)Enhancing the resilienceofcommunitiesagainst extremeevents fromanearth- quakeengineeringperspective. JSecurEduc1(4):159–167 Climateactiontracker (2018) Climate analytics. New Climate Institute, Ecofyys. Climateaction- tracker.org Davis I (2004) Progress in analysis of social vulnerability and capacity. In:BankoffG, FrerksG, HilhorstD(eds)Mappingvulnerability: disasters, development andpeople.Earthscan,London, UK,pp128–144 DFID (1999) Sustainable livelihoods guidance sheets. London, UK: Department of Interna- tionalDevelopment.http://www.eldis.org/vfile/upload/1/document/0901/section2.pdf.Accessed 23Jan2018 Duke RD, Geurts JLA (2004) Policy games for strategic management. Dutch University Press, Amsterdam ENHANCE(2016)NovelMulti-SectorPartnerships inDisasterRiskManagement.Results of the ENHANCEproject. In:Aerts J,MysiakJ (eds)EUFP7projectENHANCE,pp346