Page - 514 - in Loss and Damage from Climate Change - Concepts, Methods and Policy Options

514 M.vandenHombergandC.McQuistan propose as part of comprehensive riskmanagement that, first, an inventory should be developed how of technologies shape soft and hard adaptation limits. Second, technology for climate justicemightbe included in theadaptationcommunications tosupportreportingontheexpectedandexperiencedimpactofmeasuresonlossand damage,atasufficientlydisaggregated level.Third, soft adaptation limits shouldbe levelled bymaking technology research, innovation and design equitable between thosecountrieshavingcapacityand thosenot, recognising thecommitment to leave noonebehind. Keywords Lossanddamage ·Floodearlywarningsystems ·Adaptation Climate riskmanagement ·Climate justice ·Sendai framework forDRR Sustainabledevelopmentgoals ·Paris agreement 22.1 Introduction:Unequal ImpactofClimateChange andtheRoleofKeyGlobalAgreements Although anthropogenic climate change is a global phenomenon, its impacts are neitherequallydistributedoverdevelopinganddevelopedcountriesnorbetweenthe rich and the poor. The poor face greater impactswhen exposed to natural hazards thanthenon-poor(Hallegatteetal.2016).Thereisevidencethatadaptationcapacity is andwill beexceeded invarious instances, requiringattention to loss anddamage (L&D) (seebookchapters byHandmer andNalau2018;Heslin et al. 2018;Haque etal.2018;LandauerandJuhola2018;andthe introductionbyMechleretal.2018). This inequality places the impacts of climate change (and climate variability) and theburdenofclimateactiondisproportionatelyonthemostvulnerable(IPCC2014). At the same time, those developing countries and poor communities that will be mostheavilyaffectedbytheimpactsofclimatechangehavecontributedtheleast (in termsofgreenhousegasemissions)totheproblem(Clark2011).Thislatteraspecthas beendiscussedunder theconceptofClimateJusticeinthedomainofclimatechange impactsandmitigation.Climate justice isa termusedfor framingclimatechangeas anethicalandpolitical issue,rather thanonethat ispurelyenvironmentalorphysical innature.Thisisdonebyrelatingtheeffectsofclimatechangetoconceptsofjustice, particularly environmental justice and social justice (see chapter byWallimann- Helmer et al. 2018). This chapter focuses on the unequal dimensions of climate justice and,moreparticularly, it asks how technology can address climate risks for themostvulnerableinajustway,andwherethepracticallimitsaretowhattechnology canachieve.