Page - 525 - in Loss and Damage from Climate Change - Concepts, Methods and Policy Options

22 Technology forClimate Justice… 525 Table22.2 (continued) Adjustment SpectrumandTiming Privateaction; Tech level:Examples Publicaction; Tech level:Examples Objective Intermediate: purchase micro-insurance Intermediate: Micro-insurance, can besupportedby mobile technology and/orpublic-private partnerships toensure commercialviability Risk transfer; Adaptation limitnot changed. Insurance forunavoidableor unavoided lossesand damages DRRandCCA(transform places).Long term;exante Intermediate:Citizens contribute to constructingbio-dykes orecological corridors Intermediate: build several smaller dams insteadof large dam.Green infrastructure suchas bio-dykes; ecological corridors.Useof floodplains insteadof buildingdykes Risk reduction; Softadaptation limit is stretched;whatwas considered unavoidablebefore becomesavoidable L&Dcurative: redressand rehabilitation.Short term;ex post None: Involuntary migrationor staying put Intermediate: Financial compensation for loss anddamage that can beattributed to climatechange. Active remembrance (e.g. throughmuseum exhibitions, school curricula). Counselling Riskabsorption; Adaptation limitdoes not change. Compensation for unavoidable losses anddamages Transformative L&Dtransformativemeasures (shift places).Long term;ex ante, expost None:Voluntary permanentmigration None:Voluntary migrationofa completevillage Riskabsorption; Adaptation limitnot changed.Unavoidable lossesanddamages areavoidedbymoving away L&Dtransformativemeasures (livelihoods).Long term;ex ante, expost. Intermediate (not hazardrelated): Seeking trainingand schooling for alternative livelihoods Intermediate, not hazardrelated technology: Alternative livelihoods.Providing trainingandschooling (e.g. agriculture to services industry) and access tonew technologies suchas e-learning Riskabsorption: Adaptation limitdoes not change. Unavoidable losses anddamagesare avoidedbymoving away Examplesare takenfromtheEWScasestudydiscussed in thischapter, except for theoneondamsbuildingonongoingforecast- basedfinancingprojects inAfrica.SourceClimateCentre (2017),Coughlanet al. (2016)