Page - 538 - in Loss and Damage from Climate Change - Concepts, Methods and Policy Options

538 M.vandenHombergandC.McQuistan technologiestoreachthecommunitiesthatneedtheinformation.Inaddition,thereare aplethoraofreportingframeworksandalackofstandardisationandquantitativedata atsufficientlygranularlevel.High-resolutionspatialdataonwhether/howadaptation technologiesmeet theneedsof thepoorandvulnerable isrequiredfor thefocalscale offlood impacts and interventions, but is lacking. It is complex ifnot impossible to distil from the current transparencymechanisms a comprehensive overviewof the statusofprogressonadaptationandits role inreducinglossesanddamages.Clearly capacity for reporting is not sufficient and self-reporting of countries to the global policy agreements tends to lead to too-optimistic scoring, as is seen for example in termsof the reachofearlywarning intopoorandvulnerablecommunities. Finance Wefind in the transboundaryEWScase study area that costs for bridging the gap towardscommunitiesarecurrentlynotcoveredthroughstructuralandcomprehensive fundingstreams.ThereisevidencefromBangladeshthatshowsthatthesecostsform a significant percentage of the overall EWScosts. Innovations in the area of local data collection are urgently needed to reduce the current costs for data collection ofwater levels.Targetedcrowdsourcingmightbecost-effective tocollect localdata for flood maps as compared with costly gauges and gauge readers; at the same time, it will bring along uncertainties in relation to the continuity and validity of the collection. To convince policy makers and practitioners, it is essential that a moremature, longitudinal and standardised assessment of losses and damages at community level takesplaceagainst investments that arebeingmade inEWS. Overall,wesuggest theframeworkprovestobeanadequatemechanismtoassess the injusticespresent inafloodCRMmeasure, suchasa transboundaryEWS,along the technology dimension. This assessment forms a starting point for change. In Table 22.4we indicate in the third columnwhich climate justice principle is appli- cable to tackle these injustices.For example, procedural justicemeansmakingsure thepoorandvulnerableare includedinevaluatingafloodCRMmeasure.Thefourth column inTable 22.4 estimateswhat kind of adjustment is necessary to bridge the gapbetweenanunjustandjustsituation.Improvingaccesstoservicescanbeaquick winwithmostly incremental adjustments.However, fundingandgovernancemight require transformativeadjustment. 22.6 DiscussionandConclusions This chapter assessed the role of technology for theL&Ddebate and developed a reporting framework that links climate justiceprinciples to access, use, innovation, finance andgovernance of technology to address loss anddamage at the crossover from adaptation to “beyond adaptation” from the perspective of the poor and vul- nerable.Applicationof the framework to acase studyonafloodEWSshowed that developing countries (as well as poor and vulnerable communities in these coun- tries) canonlyusea smallpart of the technologyspectrumavailable toaddress loss