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Materials  2016,  9,  171  5  of  9  observed  in  the  film  prepared  with  PS  and  in  the  film  prepared  with  pristine  CB,  as  shown  in  Figure  2b.  Figure  2.  (a)  The  absorption  spectra  of  neat  PTB7  and  PC71BM  films;  (b)  absorption  spectra  of  PTB7/PC71BM  films  cast  from  solvents  with  or  without  DIO  and/or  PS  additives.  The  data  was  normalized  by  the  film  thickness.  It  can  be  found  there  is  no  significant  difference  between  Film  1  and  Film  3,  while  there  is    an  increase  of  obvious  relative  absorption  intensity  in  the  region  of  300–800  nm  for  Film  2  and  Film  4. This  result  indicates  that  under  the  same  conditions,  films  with  PS  additives  can  harvest  solar  photons  more  effectively  than  the  films  prepared  from  CB  and  CB:  DIO.  The  more  light  absorbed,    the  higher  photocurrent  generated  [28].  This  is  the  reason  why  the  Jsc  increases  after  the  addition  of    high‐molecular‐weight  insulating  polymer  PS.  In  order  to  investigate  the  effects  of  PS  and  DIO  on  the  morphology  of  the  blend  films,  the  surface  topography  and  phase  images  of  the  blend  films  have  been  studied  by  atomic  force  microscopy  (AFM)  in  taping  mode  (5  μm  ×  5  μm),  as  shown  in  Figure  3.  The  roughness  of  Film  1,  Film  2,  Film  3  and  Film  4  are  4.685,  4.855,  1.261  and  1.277  nm,  respectively.  Obviously,  the  roughness  of  the  blend  films  decrease  after  the  addition  of  DIO,  and  the  phase  separation  are  more  finely  compared  with  Film  1  and  Film  2,  as  shown  in  the  phase  images.  The  addition  of  DIO  to  the  casting  solvent  results  in  smaller  domains  and  a  more  finely  interpenetrating  BHJ  morphology,  relative  to  blend  films  cast  without  DIO  as  shown  in  the  phase  diagrams.  In  particular,  Film  4  does  not  reveal  significant  increases  in  roughness  at  the  nanoscale  compared  to  Film  3.  Also,  the  film  roughnesses  of  Film  1  and  Film  2  are  very  similar.  All  this  indicates  that  incorporating  the  insulating  PS  within  the  photovoltaic  layer  without  negative  drawbacks  in  phase  separation.  300 400 500 600 700 800 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 480nm PTB7 PC71BM Wavelength / nm a) 375nm 300 400 500 600 700 800 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Wavelength / nm Film 1 Film 2 Film 3 Film 4 b) Figure2. (a)TheabsorptionspectraofneatPTB7andPC71BMfilms; (b)absorption spectraof PTB7/PC71BMfilms cast fromsolvents withor withoutDIOand/or PS additives. Thedatawasnormalizedbythefilmthickness. Inorder to investigate the ffectsofPSa dDIOonthemorphologyof theblend films, the surface topography and phase images of the blend films have been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in taping mode (5µmˆ 5µm), as shown in Figure 3. The roughness of Film 1, Film 2, Film 3 and Film 4 are 4.685, 4.855, 1.261 and 1.277 nm, respectively. Obviously, th roughness of the blen films decrease after theadditionofDIO,andthephaseseparationaremorefinelycomparedwith Film 1 and Film 2, as shown in the phase images. The addition of DIO to the casting solvent results in smaller domains and a more finely interpenetrating BHJ morphology,r lativetoblendfilmscastwithoutDIOasshownintheph sediagrams. Inparticular,Film4doesnotrevealsignificantincreasesinroughnessatthenanoscale compared to Film 3. Also, the film roughnesses of Film 1 and Film 2 are very similar. All this indicates that incorporatingthe insulatingPSwithin thephotovoltaic layer withoutnegativedrawbacks inphaseseparation. 7
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Photovoltaic Materials and Electronic Devices
Title
Photovoltaic Materials and Electronic Devices
Author
Joshua M. Pearce
Editor
MDPI
Location
Basel
Date
2016
Language
English
License
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
ISBN
978-3-03842-217-4
Size
17.0 x 24.4 cm
Pages
216
Keywords
Perovskite, Plasmonics, Nanostructured Materials, Anti-Reflection Coatings, Transparent Conductive Oxides, Amorphous Silicon, Dye-sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) Materials, Organic Photovoltaic Materials, Solar Energy Materials
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