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While it is essential to have a direct link from the safety-
oriented sensor fusion to the robot control for adapting speed
limitations or triggering an emergency stop, the combined
information from the sensors also serves as a valuable input
for generating task-level plans for the robot system. We use
ROSPlan [2] as our infrastructure for task planning, which
allows us to formulate the planning domain in the quasi-
standard Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL) [5].
The planner, given abstract logical models of the system and
relevant entities in its surroundings on the one hand and
goals to be achieved on the other, would typically generate
sequences of actions such as picking up a certain object,
placing it ina certain pose into the product that is being built,
and fixing it there in a certain manner, using a certain path of
motion trajectories from a set of possible ones. There could
also be actions representing interaction with humans via
user interface components or invoking arbitrary meaningful
functionalities of connected devices.
The currently obtained safety zone information and other
results of sensor fusion can be mapped to logical facts in
the planning domain, and they in turn can be used in the
conditions of PDDL actions in order to tie their applicability
to the current safety situation. Examples for such conditional
safety limitations include forbidding certain actions as a
whole, forbidding trajectories in which parts of the robot
would intrude certain zones or exceed a certain speed limit,
forbidding interacting with potentially hazardous objects, or
forcing the robot to assume a predefined home pose between
any two other poses. The planning system takes care that
such restrictions are not only considered when a new plan is
generated but also that the current plan’s execution is halted
when an assumed precondition, safety-related or other, for
a robot action is found to be not actually fulfilled, or when
an action’s execution was not successful. Then, starting from
the updated current state, a new plan is generated and goes
into effect.
VI. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we have emphasized the importance of a
safe perception system in HRI scenarios where both human
and robot coexist in a shared environment and collaborate
toward their goals. We have taken into account a holistic
approach toward safe perception and managed to introduce
the requirements for a general architecture that integrates
safety in any robotic environment independent of scenario,
scale, shape, and the number of robots and humans. This ar-
chitecture is modular, reproducible, context aware, intelligent
and also has parallel redundancy, heterogeneous sensors, and
embedded safety.
Furthermore we have presented how our safe perception is
set up for a collaboration scenario in our lab to demonstrate
the simplicity and reusability of our approach in real-world
applications. In this demonstration multiple safety standards
have been considered and included in order to have a correct
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85
Proceedings of the OAGM&ARW Joint Workshop
Vision, Automation and Robotics
- Title
- Proceedings of the OAGM&ARW Joint Workshop
- Subtitle
- Vision, Automation and Robotics
- Authors
- Peter M. Roth
- Markus Vincze
- Wilfried Kubinger
- Andreas MĂĽller
- Bernhard Blaschitz
- Svorad Stolc
- Publisher
- Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz
- Location
- Wien
- Date
- 2017
- Language
- English
- License
- CC BY 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-85125-524-9
- Size
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Pages
- 188
- Keywords
- Tagungsband
- Categories
- International
- Tagungsbände