Page - 91 - in Radical Solutions and Open Science - An Open Approach to Boost Higher Education

96 D.Burgos and academia, regardless ofwhether it is the result of personal, public, or private funds.Everythingmustbeavailablefor thefreeandunboundenjoymentofanyuser, regardlessofwhichotheruseror institutionhasputup the funds. Something similar occurswith registration. If an institutionoffers a free course, they cannot request registration information, depending on the sector, not even for academic tracking, licenses (any user can use, reuse,modify, and interpretwhat is publishedfreelyandwithout restrictions),or technology, includingsoftware;andso on,formanymoreresources(Fecher,Friesike,&Hebing,2015;Ardi&Heidemann, 2019). 6.3.3 Regulatory Thecreationofregulations,norms,standards,ortechnologicalspecifications,among otherproductions, implies a formof transfer applied to themediumand long terms (Lerner & Tirole, 2015; Verhoeven, Bakker, &Veugelers, 2016). The possibility of regulating by defining the patterns of definition, use of, behaviour toward, and relation to a determined technology or technological process, enables replicability according to calibratedmetrics, which should guaranteeminimal levels of quality and control. The problem lies in the timing. Setting up any of these instruments requires years of preparation, and above all, approval,making streamlined transfer impossibleandsuggestinganalmost impossible returnwithinaprudent timeframe. Thedesignerorgroupofdesignersmustbewillingtokeeptotheaverageyears-long processing timebeforeexpecting to seeany typeof return. 6.3.4 Social Impact,ScientificCommunication,andGeneral Publication Regardingusercommunicationandinteraction, transfer iscentredonmovingresults andknowledge todifferent sectionsandgroupsof target audiences (Beck,S.,Mah- dad,Beukel,&Poetz, 2019;Cosgrove, Cristea, Shaughnessy,Mintzes,&Naudet, 2019). Froma schoolteacher to a corporate lawyer, to a newspaper vendor; froma researcher in the same field to a critic of our theories, to a legislator; they are all valid, if rather limited, audiences, andall becomepossible interlocutors.This term, interlocutor, is wilfully chosen because those potential users do not actmerely as receivers, but are emitters and replicators of communication in turn, at least poten- tially.Thus,auserbecomesthefocus,objective,initiator,medium,andevenmessage, disrupting the usual chain in the communicationprocess (Evans, 2010). They shift frommerelypassivelyobserving tobeingadefining force (Hummelet al., 2005). Inthiscontext,technology,especiallyonlinetechnology,representsamajortrump card.Eversinceamorepopular Internetwas launched throughwebservice in1996,