Page - 47 - in Reflective Cosmopolitanism - Educating towards inclusive communities through Philosophical Enquiry

ELLA (MANUAL) 47 When we pre-judge we draw conclusions based on personal opinions or feelings be- fore knowing facts and without any knowledge, factual reasons or objective considerations. The friend of Dina´s mother was pre-judging Dina’s relatives without knowing them or knowing their background. People who grow up in different countries and communities have different rules for interacting and dressing. They are exposed to different discussions and have different beliefs and values. You can also find resources for the concept of “prejudice” in the manual to Christian, episode 2, leading idea 1 “Prejudice – getting to know the other”; and to the manual to In and out of the park, episode 5, leading idea 2 “The pre-judgment/prejudice” and in the manual to www.whatsyourname.you, episode 5. Discussion Plan: Prejudices 1. What are prejudices? 2. What is the meaning of “pre-judging”? 3. What kind of prejudices do you know? 4. What kind of prejudices exist in our country? 5. What images come to your mind when you hear the word ‘prejudice’? Leading Idea 6: Reasoning When we behave in a questionable or uncertain way, we often ask ourselves for reasons, because we want to justify our actions or we want to find out if we imply or assume some- thing. We also want to know if there are perhaps more plausible possibilities. We give reasons for our actions, but are these reasons always “good” reasons? When can we say that a reason is a “good” reason? There must be certain conditions for calling a reason a “good” reason – a. it should be relevant and connected to the issue and context – b. it should be plausible and credible – and c. it should be strong enough as an adequate justification in a certain context/ situation. There are varying degrees of strength and weakness in inductive reasoning and vari- ous types including statistical syllogism, arguments from example, causal inferences, simple inductions, and inductive generalizations. They can have part to whole relations, extrapolations, or predictions. You can also find resources on the concept of “reasons” in the manual to Christian, epi- sode 3, leading idea 2 “Good reasons”, Tina & Amir, episode 2, leading idea 1, discussion plan “Reasons for decision-making” and in the manual to Hanadi, episode 3, leading idea 2 “Correlation, causes, reasons”, Episode 7, leading idea 1 “Reasons”. In order to address the topic of hypothetical reasoning, you can also refer to the Hanadi manual, episode 6, leading idea 2 “Hypothetical syllogism, if…then…”. Discussion Plan: Giving reasons Are the following people giving good reasons for their actions? Please give a good reason for your answer! 1. Maria says: “They should not wear a scarf around their head because they are in our country now.”