Page - 63 - in The Future of Software Quality Assurance

Testing Autonomous Systems 63 Systemscan be networkedwith eachotherand with IT systems on the internet, but also the development towards (physically)ever smaller autonomousthings. Examplesof2 suchsystemsare: • Motor vehicles (cars, lorries) which partially or (in the future) completely take over the functionof thedriver3 • Driverless transportvehicles thatareused, forexample, for logistics tasksand/or in productionfacilities4 • Ocean-going vessels, boats, inland waterway vessels, and other watercrafts5 whichareused, forexample, for the transportofgoods • Driverless underwater vehicles or underwater robots which, for example, carry out6 inspectionor repair tasksunderwater independently • Driverless trains, suburban trains, underground trains, or train systems for passengeror freight transport7 • Unmannedorpilotless aircrafts,helicopters,ordrones8 • Mobile robots, walking robots, humanoid robots that are used for assembly, transport, rescue,orassistance tasks9 • Mobile service or household robots, for example, automatic lawn mowers or vacuum cleaners, which carry out service work in the household10 and communicatewith the“SmartHome” ifnecessary Although all these systems are very different, they share some commoncharac- teristics: • Thesearecyber-physicalsystems, that is, theyconsistofacombinationof“infor- matic, software-technicalcomponentswith mechanicalandelectronicparts.”11 • They are mobile within their operational environment, that is, they can control their movements themselves and navigate independently (target-oriented or task-oriented). 2The listed examples name civil areas of application. However, the development of autonomous systems and corresponding technologies has been and continues to be strongly motivated and financed also because of theirpotential applications in the militarysector. 3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_car,https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomes_Fahren 4 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_guided_vehicle, https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrerlo ses_Transportfahrzeug 5 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_cargo_ship, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned _surface_vehicle 6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_underwater_vehicle 7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_train_operation, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ automated_train_systems 8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle 9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot#General-purpose_autonomous_robots, https://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Autonomous_robot, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legged_robot, https://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Humanoid_robot 10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_robot 11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyber-physical_system