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74 T.Linz A central question is how functional safety of autonomous systems can be guaranteed and tested. The intended system functionality and the necessary safety functions cannot be implemented separately, but are two sides of the same coin. Accordingly, it is not possible to separate the aspects of functionality and safety during testing. Manufacturers of autonomous systems need procedures and tools by means of which they can test the functionality and safety of such products seamlessly, but nevertheless with economically justifiable effort, and prove them to the approval authorities. One approach is Scenario-Based Testing. Scenarios can be used to model and describe usage situations and mission processes of an autonomous system. These scenarioscanthenbeusedas test instructionsfor testing insimulationsor in reality. Inadditiontothestandardizationofscenarioformatsorscenariolanguages,tools are needed to capture and manage scenarios. Integrations between such scenario editors, simulation tools, test benches, and test management tools need to be developed. Such tools or tool chains should also help to create scenario variants systematically and to evaluate scenarios and tests automatically, for example, with regard to safety relevanceandachievedtest coverage. References15 1. Gartner “Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends for 2019: Autonomous Things”, Brian Burke, DavidCearley, 13 March 2019 2. Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On- Road Motor Vehicles, SAE - On-Road Automated Driving (ORAD) committee, https:// saemobilus.sae.org/content/J3016_201806/ 3. Independent High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence – set up by the European Commision, Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI, 04/2019. https://ec.europa.eu/futurium/en/ ai-alliance-consultation/guidelines 4. Automatisiertes und Vernetztes Fahren - Bericht-der-Ethik-Kommission, Bundesministerium für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur. https://www.bmvi.de/SharedDocs/DE/Publikationen/ DG/bericht-der-ethik-kommission.html (2017) 5. Autonomy Levels for Unmanned Systems (ALFUS) Framework Volume I: Terminology, Version 2.0, Autonomy Levels for Unmanned Systems (ALFUS) Framework Volume II: Framework Models Version 1.0, https://www.nist.gov/el/intelligent-systems-division-73500/ cognition-and-collaboration-systems/autonomy-levels-unmanned 6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_things 7. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAE_J3016 8. IEC 61508:2010, Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety- related systems -Parts1 to 7,https://www.iec.ch/functionalsafety/ 9. IEC 61508 Explained, https://www.iec.ch/functionalsafety/explained/ 10. Safety of Autonomous Cognitive-oriented Robots, Philipp Ertle, Dissertation, Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften, Abteilung Maschinenbau der Universität Duisburg-Essen (2013) 15The validity of the given URLs refers toJuly 2019.