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Chapter 3 ♦ 111
readership position.98 Since the government was legally obliged to guarantee
the possibility of legal studies in Italian, especially doctoral exams in juridi-
cal disciplines, a law faculty was supposed to be opened in Vienna. However,
this was also hindered by protests by German nationalists.99 Finally, the
“Trieste or nothing” position bore fruit. However, while both the “Tyroleans
of the East” and the “Welsch-Tyroleans” had national universities promised
(and budgeted) for the late 1910s, neither of these projects was realized owing
to the outbreak of World War I.
On the Road to Autonomy: Liberalizing Academic Policy
Language policy was, of course, just one of many policies that changed in
the 1860s, but its impact on both the spatial policy in the empire and the
way science and scholarship were perceived is hard to underestimate. This
change went hand in hand with other measures strengthening the autonomy
of both universities and provinces. However, for the ministry, the empire
was still one academic space, and the measures enacted for one university
mattered for the others, notwithstanding the language of instruction. Now I
want to turn to an analysis of how ministerial policy changed within the late
nineteenth century and how the ministry dealt with the constantly changing
university system—changing not only in matters of language but also in
hierarchies and disciplines.
The increasing academic autonomy included in the first place matters
related to habilitation and the conditions of entry into academic environ-
ments. Here, the ministry limited its involvement and mediated only in
some contentious issues between faculties and scholars striving for ha-
bilitation. Similarly, in questions of promotion, the ministry delegated
its responsibility to the respective faculties, retaining, however, a deci-
sive voice. While in the 1850s several scholars had applied directly to the
ministry (either to the minister or to the responsible Sektionschef [section
chief]) for an appointment or an increase in rank, later the ministry sent
such proposals back for consultation within the faculties; it followed the
recommendations of the university and did not impose its own decisions.
On a few occasions, politicians intervened directly without consultation,
but universities protested fiercely (including involving the press) against
any limit on their independence, which was protected by law.100 Although
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book Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918 - A Social History of a Multilingual Space"
Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918
A Social History of a Multilingual Space
- Title
- Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918
- Subtitle
- A Social History of a Multilingual Space
- Author
- Jan Surman
- Publisher
- Purdue University Press
- Location
- West Lafayette
- Date
- 2019
- Language
- English
- License
- PD
- ISBN
- 978-1-55753-861-1
- Size
- 16.5 x 25.0 cm
- Pages
- 474
- Keywords
- History, Austria, Eduction System, Learning
- Categories
- Geschichte Vor 1918
Table of contents
- List of Illustrations vi
- List of Tables vii
- Acknowledgments ix
- Note on Language Use, Terminology, and Geography xi
- Abbreviations xiii
- Introduction A Biography of the Academic Space 1
- Chapter 1 Centralizing Science for the Empire 19
- Chapter 2 The Neoabsolutist Search for a Unified Space 49
- Chapterr 3 Living Out Academic Autonomy 89
- Chapter 4 German-Language Universities between Austrian and German Space 139
- Chapter 5 Habsburg Slavs and Their Spaces 175
- Chapter 6 Imperial Space and Its Identities 217
- Chapter 7 Habsburg Legacies 243
- Conclusion Paradoxes of the Central European Academic Space 267
- Appendix 1 Disciplines of Habilitation at Austrian Universities 281
- Appendix 2 Databases of Scholars at Cisleithanian Universities 285
- Notes 287
- Bibliography 383
- Index 445