Page - 161 - in Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918 - A Social History of a Multilingual Space

Chapter 4 ♦  161 from Vienna (33 percent), followed by Graz and the German Empire (each around 20 percent). The structure of appointments was not as consistent as in Vienna, however, as the faculty appointed not only full professors from other universities (25 percent) but also associate professors (38 percent) and Privatdozenten (25 percent). Those in the latter two groups were each pro- moted by at least one position; appointees who were promoted mostly came from Vienna and German Empire universities but also, to a lesser extent, from other universities. The smallest and youngest medical faculty in Cisleithania, that in Innsbruck, can exemplify the nonformative, transitional faculty. It appointed more than 50 percent of its total teaching faculty between 1869 and 1918. Most of the instructors came from Vienna. Privatdozenten made up a third of the appointees who were promoted to full professorships and a third of those promoted to associate professorships, but these scholars did not re- main in Tyrol for long. Two-thirds of those appointed from Vienna left the university (ten moved to Graz, five back to Vienna) after an average of six years spent in Innsbruck, half in fewer than four years (see also table 11). While seven scholars were appointed from German universities, three of whom were Austrian citizens, only two remained in Innsbruck, both schol- ars who had been born in the Habsburg Empire. Only four scholars who habilitated in Innsbruck moved to other universities, just one of whom was appointed to a professorship, the Transleithania-born medical chemist Leó Liebermann, who was appointed to Budapest in 1902. The other three left Innsbruck and habilitated at other Habsburg universities. The prevailing pattern was that scholars appointed from Vienna moved on from Innsbruck to Graz (eleven cases, i.e., 25 percent of all mobile scholars), while only three scholars returned from Innsbruck to Vienna; similarly, three scholars appointed from Graz returned to that university, and three appointed from the German University in Prague returned there. As at other provincial universities, Innsbruck’s own scholars made up only a small percentage of the full professors in the medical faculty: three scholars who had graduated from Innsbruck and three scholars who had gained their venia in Innsbruck (only one both graduated from and habilitated in Innsbruck). Unsurprisingly, scholars with Viennese pasts were prevalent here as well. Philosophical faculties show a slightly different picture. Similarly to the situation in the medical faculties, a combination of economics and pres- tige structured academic mobility. From 1875 on, Chernivtsi replaced the University of Innsbruck at the bottom end of the appointment chain, while