Page - 252 - in Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918 - A Social History of a Multilingual Space

252 ♦  Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918 of their new country, or rejected oaths to the new states, which were still required of civil servants (a category that included university professors). For others, migration was no longer a case of moving from one state to the other, but occurred within a new state, to the newly opened universities. In all cases, the theories, approaches to education and administration, and implicit and explicit knowledge of the universities that emanated from the old Habsburg Empire brought the academic institutions of central Europe intellectually closer. The Bukovinian (i.e., Romanian) case was symptomatic of the new boundaries and language changes. Contrary to the impression that the new states employed only professors who matched the new national ideals, and therefore sought to exchange all university personnel from the beginning, most professors had the option of remaining in Chernivtsi, irrespective of the language they spoke and the nationality they saw themselves as belonging to. When efforts to move the university westward failed, not only the Romanian scholars remained, including the whole theological faculty, but also six other German-speaking scholars who had not been born in Bukovina.41 A sev- enth, the famous Chernivtsi-born sociologist of law Eugen Ehrlich, moved to Vienna but was later officially reinstated; he died before returning to Bukovina, however.42 Scholars who did not wish to remain in Bukovina, or who were forced to leave the province, mostly moved to Austrian universi- ties as well as the Ukrainian Free University in Prague and the University of Ljubljana. The Romanian Ferdinand I University in Cluj-Napoca also enticed the famous Vienna-educated philologist Sextil Pușcariu away from Chernivtsi; the government gave Pușcariu the task of organizing the uni- versity once the Royal Hungarian Franz Joseph University (Magyar Királyi Ferenc József Tudományegyetem) in Cluj had closed and moved to Szeged.43 Thus, the new states profited not only from scientific knowledge of Habsburg origin but also from organizational know-how. The university in Cluj was not the only one importing scholars to fulfill both functions; the same can be said of Ljubljana. Scholars moving there from Chernivtsi were bestowed with academic honors: the positions of dean of the philosophical faculty and rector of the university were filled with scholars with Bukovinian pasts; in fact, all deans except the dean of theology had had Habsburg schol- arly careers. Another émigré, Mihajlo Rostohar from the Czech University in Prague, drafted the university statutes based on the Habsburg ones.44 The Vienna Medical School provided (unsurprisingly, one could add) several scholars for the new universities. Ðorđe Joannović (Ђорђе Јоановић), one of