Page - 342 - in Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918 - A Social History of a Multilingual Space

342 ♦  Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918 37. AT-OeStA/AVA Unterricht UM allg. Akten 935, PA Hann, Z. 10080, 13 July 1897. 38. AT-OeStA/AVA Unterricht UM allg. Akten 668, PA Hann, Z. 34553, 5 January 1900. 39. At the University of Prague, 23 percent had only been Privatdozenten before the university was divided. 40. For the period 1848–1900, see Mühlberger, “Das ‘Antlitz,’ ” 85. 41. Ludwig Boltzmann, who moved several times, was an example of an extremely mobile scholar who falls into several of the categories named here; his career path is, however, atypical for Habsburg scholars. 42. See AT-OeStA/AVA Unterricht UM allg. Akten 1221, PA Zepharovich, Z. 12382, 19 February 1864. 43. On average, full professors were three years older than at other German-speaking universities, averaging from forty-six (1880) to fifty-two (1900) years of age. 44. For some years, Vienna had younger associate professors than the other univer- sities, but this trend changed after 1900. 45. Between 30 and 40 percent of instructors (including Privatdozenten) retained their positions (without being promoted), and 15 to 25 percent were appointed from other universities. 46. The number of scholars promoted within faculties was between 5 percent (the lowest rate for Vienna) and 25 percent (the highest rate at other universities). 47. On medicine, see Tatjana Buklijas, “Dissection, Discipline and Urban Transformation: Anatomy at the University of Vienna, 1845–1914” (PhD diss., University of Cambridge, 2005), esp. 208–9; on historiography, see Kamil Krofta, “Anton Gindely,” Zprávy zemského archivu Království českého 3 (1910): 213. 48. Philipp Werner von Ebenhof, quoted in Jan Havránek, “Česká univerzita v jednání rakouských uřadů do roku 1881,” AUC­ HUCP 22, no. 1 (1982): 48. 49. Words noted on the proposal of the philosophical faculty in Vienna to nominate only German scholars. AT-OeStA/AVA Unterricht UM allg. Akten 679, PA Schneider, Z. 6978, 3 August 1870. 50. AT-OeStA/AVA Unterricht UM allg. Akten 1184, PA Kaluzniacki, Z. 12099, 3 August 1875. 51. See, for example, the appointment of the art historian Alfred Woltmann. AT-OeStA/AVA Unterricht UM allg. Akten 1221, PA Woltmann, Z. 7471, 12 June 1873. Woltmann’s appointment was officially supported by the influential Viennese professor of art history Rudolf Eitelberger. 52. Habsburg returnees included thirteen Bohemians and twenty-six Austrians; four of the Bohemian and thirteen of the Austrian returnees had previously held a pro- fessorship in the Habsburg Empire. Ninety-five percent of these cases happened from 1880 on, and they included equal numbers of philosophers and physicians. Nearly twenty-two of these scholars had graduated in the Habsburg Empire, eighteen of them from Vienna (six at the philosophical faculty and twelve at the medical faculty).