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VULNERABLE142
Résumé
Tenir les pouvoirs exécutif et législatif responsables en situation
de pandémie
Il s’agit d’un défi continu d’exiger que les pouvoirs exécutif et législa-
tif soient tenus responsables de leurs décisions en situation d’urgence.
La COVID-19 a posé de sérieux problèmes en matière de reddition de
comptes. La situation actuelle soulève des questions sur la manière de
garantir que les pouvoirs exécutif et législatif sont tenus responsables
dans le contexte d’une crise de santé publique comme celle dans
laquelle la COVID-19 nous a plongés. J’explore certaines de ces ques-
tions dans ce chapitre. Ce faisant, je tente d’évaluer de manière juste
les défis auxquels ces pouvoirs sont confrontés lors d’une telle crise,
et je suggère des moyens pour trouver des axes de responsabilité, tant
au sein des pouvoirs politiques qu’ailleurs, lorsque les circonstances
sont exceptionnelles.
Holding the executive and the legislature to account is a
peren-nial
challenge in an emergency.1 The executive typically has a
significant margin to respond to an unfolding crisis using authority
already granted to it by the legislature.2 Where additional author-
ity (especially authority to spend) is required, the usual processes of
pre-legislative and legislative scrutiny may be compressed or simply
scuttled.3 Bills are drafted hastily, reviewed by legislators quickly
or not all, and enacted.4 It then falls to the courts, and possibly keen
1. On the various meanings of accountability in a parliamentary system, see Carol
Harlow, “Accountability and Constitutional Law” in Mark Bovens, Robert E
Goodin & Thomas Schillemans, eds, The Oxford Handbook of PublicÂ
AccountabilityÂ
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014) 195.
2. I am grateful to Charlie Feldman for pointing this out to me.
3. On the “usual” processes, see Gabrielle Appleby, “An excellent @auspublaw-
blog post by Andrew Edgar explaining how Cth & NSW have implemented
emergency public health measures. An important call-out for public lawyers to
scrutinise these measures as ordinary accountability mechanisms don’t apply.
https://auspublaw.org/2020/03/law-making-in-a-crisis-commonwealth-and-
nsw-coronavirus-regulations/” (29 March 2020 at 20:26), online: Twitter <twitter.
com/Gabrielle_J_A/status/1244420785462063105>.
4. See generally Stephen Gardbaum, “Comparative Political Process Theory”
[2020] Intl J Constitutional L [forthcoming in 2020], online: SSRN <papers.ssrn.
com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3596328>; Thomas Kaplan, “Congressional
Leaders Agree on $1.3 Trillion Spending Bill as Deadline Looms”, The New York
VULNERABLE
The Law, Policy and Ethics of COVID-19
- Title
- VULNERABLE
- Subtitle
- The Law, Policy and Ethics of COVID-19
- Authors
- Vanessa MacDonnell
- Jane Philpott
- Sophie Thériault
- Sridhar Venkatapuram
- Publisher
- Ottawa Press
- Date
- 2020
- Language
- English
- License
- CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
- ISBN
- 9780776636429
- Size
- 15.2 x 22.8 cm
- Pages
- 648
- Categories
- Coronavirus
- International