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THE FIRST WORLD WAR - and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914 – 1918
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440 Factory War and Domestic Front, 1915 since in Austria ‘there is a strong feeling that the prestige of Austria towards Hungary threatens to recede into the background’. These points did not aim at an exhaustive ac- count of the failings and weaknesses of the government. They were sufficient, however, and the representatives of the upper house of the Reichsrat closed with the declaration ‘that the government is not capable of meeting these demands’. They had, therefore, come to Stürgkh in order to explain this to him ‘with complete openness’. This action did not lead to the overthrow of the government either, or to the resig- nation of the Prime Minister. Just two ministers, including Interior Minister Baron Heinold, were replaced. The Prime Minister remained, however, and seemed unim- pressed. His backing was the Emperor, and he therefore thrust aside all allegations and complaints, as well as hidden threats that he would have to give an account of his actions at some point in the future. He did not respond to the attacks of the Christian Socialists, who opposed him and reproached him by saying that the worst parliamen- tarianism was still better than none at all.1051 He also failed to react to the accusations of politicians from other parties, and could even derive a certain confirmation of his own opinion from the enormously varying perceptions of the nationalist politicians. The German National League had demanded that German be the official language as early as 1914. In the same year, the trade and economic alliance with Germany had also been proclaimed as indispensable. The Viennese Professor for Eastern European His- tory, Hans Uebersberger, who had contributed to the indictment against Karel Kramař, advocated a military dictatorship. Naturally, the representatives of Slav nationalities vehemently resisted the demands of the German nationalists. Could very much really be expected of the reconvening of parliament ? The result of all this for the Vienna government was not the knowledge of being replaceable but instead a feeling of isola- tion and competition towards the other power centres. Since the Emperor had become almost invisible and so obviously refused to change anything of note, politicians and the military were both inclined to see only their own individual realities from now on. And this special problem of selective perception strengthened each and every one of the actors in the belief that they were doing the right thing and, if this was not complied with, to paint a picture of impending disaster. The war had reached the stage of dismal prophecies.
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THE FIRST WORLD WAR and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914 – 1918
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Titel
THE FIRST WORLD WAR
Untertitel
and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914 – 1918
Autor
Manfried Rauchensteiner
Verlag
Böhlau Verlag
Ort
Wien
Datum
2014
Sprache
englisch
Lizenz
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
ISBN
978-3-205-79588-9
Abmessungen
17.0 x 24.0 cm
Seiten
1192
Kategorien
Geschichte Vor 1918

Inhaltsverzeichnis

  1. 1 On the Eve 11
  2. 2 Two Million Men for the War 49
  3. 3 Bloody Sundays 81
  4. 4 Unleashing the War 117
  5. 5 ‘Thank God, this is the Great War!’ 157
  6. 6 Adjusting to a Longer War 197
  7. 7 The End of the Euphoria 239
  8. 8 The First Winter of the War 283
  9. 9 Under Surveillance 317
  10. 10 ‘The King of Italy has declared war on Me’ 355
  11. 11 The Third Front 383
  12. 12 Factory War and Domestic Front, 1915 413
  13. 13 Summer Battle and ‘Autumn Swine’ 441
  14. 14 War Aims and Central Europe 469
  15. 15 South Tyrol : The End of an Illusion (I) 497
  16. 16 Lutsk :The End of an Illusion (II) 521
  17. 17 How is a War Financed ? 555
  18. 18 The Nameless 583
  19. 19 The Death of the Old Emperor 607
  20. 20 Emperor Karl 641
  21. 21 The Writing on the Wall 657
  22. 22 The Consequences of the Russian February Revolution 691
  23. 23 Summer 1917 713
  24. 24 Kerensky Offensive and Peace Efforts 743
  25. 25 The Pyrrhic Victory : The Breakthrough Battle of Flitsch-Tolmein 769
  26. 26 Camps 803
  27. 27 Peace Feelers in the Shadow of Brest-Litovsk 845
  28. 28 The Inner Front 869
  29. 29 The June Battle in Veneto 895
  30. 30 An Empire Resigns 927
  31. 31 The Twilight Empire 955
  32. 32 The War becomes History 983
  33. Epilogue 1011
  34. Afterword 1013
  35. Acknowledgements and Dedication 1019
  36. Notes 1023
  37. Selected Printed Sources and Literature 1115
  38. Index of People and Places 1155
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