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THE FIRST WORLD WAR - and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914 – 1918
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The Attack 519 The news of the successes in the South Tyrol offensive even held people like Josef Redlich in thrall, who in the interim only very rarely occupied himself with military developments in his diary records. ‘Wednesday, 24 May. Magnificent progress by our splendid troops in South Tyrol : 24,000 prisoners, 250 cannon taken, almost the entire line from the Brenta to the Adige Rivers on Italian soil. What our old Austria is still ca- pable of after two years of war ! This will dampen the arrogance of those self-confident gentlemen in Berlin somewhat.’1224 There they were again, the German phantoms. The newspapers reported in as much detail as possible on the successes of the Imperial and Royal troops. The war reports were embellished, individual achievements emphasised and, once again, a sense of euphoria spread. However, towards the end of the month, the names of the localities alone revealed that the attack was grinding to a halt. With the slowing down of the Austrian offensive, for which to a certain extent it only had itself to blame, the Italians were able to gain time, and with the aid of their dense railway network set in motion a massive relocation of troops. They knew perfectly well that the war hung on a knife edge  – and perhaps it really had been lost for the Central Powers on Mount Pasubio and around Asiago. Imagine that Conrad’s concept would have proved successful, 250,000 Italians encircled and Italy were to have been overthrown ! During the last days of May, the two Imperial and Royal armies were now only able to make minor progress. And finally, the Italians were able to claim the two last massifs before the exit into the lowlands at Bassano and Thiene. A large number of peaks and mountain ridges that had achieved a symbolic character before had already been taken by the Imperial and Royal troops, or had finally come under their control after days and weeks of struggle : Monte Meletta, Monte Cimone, Monte Priafora and others. Al- most the entire plateau of the Sette Comuni was in Austrian hands. The Italian barrier forts, which, like the Austrian facilities, were the pride of the army command, Monte Verena, Campolongo and Campomolon, which in 1915 had fired their deadly barrages at the Austrian forts of Verle and Lusern, had in some cases been detonated, and in others had fallen almost undamaged into the hands of the Austro-Hungarian troops. However, the Austrians were then not only prevented from emerging into the lowlands, but in some sections were thrown back. The Army High Command sent further rein- forcements. One division was due to arrive from Boroević’s 5th Army on the Isonzo ; the prospect was held out of sending a further war-ready division from the Russian front.1225 However, it remained to be seen whether it could be made available, since in the interim, a very different crisis began to rear its head on the north-eastern front. It was then Italian members of parliament who in the Chamber of Deputies in Rome found words to express the essential connection between South Tyrol and Russia : they had been ‘saved by the Russians’.1226
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THE FIRST WORLD WAR and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914 – 1918
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Titel
THE FIRST WORLD WAR
Untertitel
and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914 – 1918
Autor
Manfried Rauchensteiner
Verlag
Böhlau Verlag
Ort
Wien
Datum
2014
Sprache
englisch
Lizenz
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
ISBN
978-3-205-79588-9
Abmessungen
17.0 x 24.0 cm
Seiten
1192
Kategorien
Geschichte Vor 1918

Inhaltsverzeichnis

  1. 1 On the Eve 11
  2. 2 Two Million Men for the War 49
  3. 3 Bloody Sundays 81
  4. 4 Unleashing the War 117
  5. 5 ‘Thank God, this is the Great War!’ 157
  6. 6 Adjusting to a Longer War 197
  7. 7 The End of the Euphoria 239
  8. 8 The First Winter of the War 283
  9. 9 Under Surveillance 317
  10. 10 ‘The King of Italy has declared war on Me’ 355
  11. 11 The Third Front 383
  12. 12 Factory War and Domestic Front, 1915 413
  13. 13 Summer Battle and ‘Autumn Swine’ 441
  14. 14 War Aims and Central Europe 469
  15. 15 South Tyrol : The End of an Illusion (I) 497
  16. 16 Lutsk :The End of an Illusion (II) 521
  17. 17 How is a War Financed ? 555
  18. 18 The Nameless 583
  19. 19 The Death of the Old Emperor 607
  20. 20 Emperor Karl 641
  21. 21 The Writing on the Wall 657
  22. 22 The Consequences of the Russian February Revolution 691
  23. 23 Summer 1917 713
  24. 24 Kerensky Offensive and Peace Efforts 743
  25. 25 The Pyrrhic Victory : The Breakthrough Battle of Flitsch-Tolmein 769
  26. 26 Camps 803
  27. 27 Peace Feelers in the Shadow of Brest-Litovsk 845
  28. 28 The Inner Front 869
  29. 29 The June Battle in Veneto 895
  30. 30 An Empire Resigns 927
  31. 31 The Twilight Empire 955
  32. 32 The War becomes History 983
  33. Epilogue 1011
  34. Afterword 1013
  35. Acknowledgements and Dedication 1019
  36. Notes 1023
  37. Selected Printed Sources and Literature 1115
  38. Index of People and Places 1155
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THE FIRST WORLD WAR