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On Ivans, Serbs and Wops 831
In Mauthausen, the Italians did not have any blankets and many soldiers had neither
shirts nor underwear.1977 It may be the case that the Austro-Hungarians still wanted
them to be made to feel the ‘treason’ of 1915. It is more probable, however, that even –
and especially – the prisoners of war were not spared the progressive barbarisation.
Only in April 1918, i.e. with the arrival of the warmer season, did the situation im-
prove somewhat. At this point in time, the population of the Sigmundsherberg camp
alone, the largest of the six prisoner of war camps occupied by Italians, was 120,000
prisoners, of which 20,000 remained in the camp itself ; the rest were deployed for work
outside the camp. Among those who stayed behind were more than 5,000 sick.1978 The
increased deployment of the Italians for work was not connected to the overcrowding
only being manageable in this way. The peace negotiations with Russia and Romania
were decisive and restored the hope that there would soon be an exchange of prisoners.
Until this happened, however, both Russians and Romanians had to accustom them-
selves to enduring prisoner of war captivity in the same way as Serbs, Montenegrins
and Italians.
In Austria-Hungary there were around 50 prisoner of war camps. They were not –
with one exception – divided into officers’ camps (Offizierslager) and main camps
(Stammlager), as they would be in the Second World War, though there was a separa-
tion of the respective accommodation itself for officers and soldiers. The main camps
provided the basis for countless generally ad hoc satellite camps, which were estab-
lished in the vicinity of the front near mines and industrial complexes, near business
enterprises and, above all, in the countryside. The fact that Mauthausen, Terezín (Ther-
esienstadt) and Oświęcim (Auschwitz) are among the names of the camps, but also
Strnišče (Sterntal) near Ptuj (Pettau), appears
– at least in retrospect
– to be a giveaway,
but it invites comparisons that are inadmissible.
Overview of the Prisoner of War Camps in Austria and Hungary1979
Military Command Area Camp
Vienna Sigmundsherberg
Spratzern near St. Pölten
Hart near Amstetten
Mühling
Purgstall
Wieselburg
Graz Knittelfeld
Feldbach/Mühldorf
Lebring
Klagenfurt
Strnišče (Sterntal) near Ptuj
THE FIRST WORLD WAR
and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914 – 1918
- Titel
- THE FIRST WORLD WAR
- Untertitel
- and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914 – 1918
- Autor
- Manfried Rauchensteiner
- Verlag
- Böhlau Verlag
- Ort
- Wien
- Datum
- 2014
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-205-79588-9
- Abmessungen
- 17.0 x 24.0 cm
- Seiten
- 1192
- Kategorien
- Geschichte Vor 1918
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- 1 On the Eve 11
- 2 Two Million Men for the War 49
- 3 Bloody Sundays 81
- 4 Unleashing the War 117
- 5 ‘Thank God, this is the Great War!’ 157
- 6 Adjusting to a Longer War 197
- 7 The End of the Euphoria 239
- 8 The First Winter of the War 283
- 9 Under Surveillance 317
- 10 ‘The King of Italy has declared war on Me’ 355
- 11 The Third Front 383
- 12 Factory War and Domestic Front, 1915 413
- 13 Summer Battle and ‘Autumn Swine’ 441
- 14 War Aims and Central Europe 469
- 15 South Tyrol : The End of an Illusion (I) 497
- 16 Lutsk :The End of an Illusion (II) 521
- 17 How is a War Financed ? 555
- 18 The Nameless 583
- 19 The Death of the Old Emperor 607
- 20 Emperor Karl 641
- 21 The Writing on the Wall 657
- 22 The Consequences of the Russian February Revolution 691
- 23 Summer 1917 713
- 24 Kerensky Offensive and Peace Efforts 743
- 25 The Pyrrhic Victory : The Breakthrough Battle of Flitsch-Tolmein 769
- 26 Camps 803
- 27 Peace Feelers in the Shadow of Brest-Litovsk 845
- 28 The Inner Front 869
- 29 The June Battle in Veneto 895
- 30 An Empire Resigns 927
- 31 The Twilight Empire 955
- 32 The War becomes History 983
- Epilogue 1011
- Afterword 1013
- Acknowledgements and Dedication 1019
- Notes 1023
- Selected Printed Sources and Literature 1115
- Index of People and Places 1155