Seite - 933 - in THE FIRST WORLD WAR - and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914 – 1918
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Brigadier von Bolzano
is Missing 933
of absence with waiting charges, were rehabilitated or at least reactivated and found a
new use limited to the duration of the mobilisation. Many of the posts that had to be
filled lacked the appeal of serving with the troops, but the prisoner of war camps, the
bridgehead garrisons, the city commands, etc. also required generals.
It was of course the isolated cases that attracted attention every so often. The ab-
solute figures nonetheless paint an impressive picture. When Emperor Franz Joseph
was still alive, there were three full generals and 95 lieutenant generals who had been
relieved ‘for official considerations’.2251 Very few had been retired all of a sudden, since
in that way at least appearances were kept up. Some were placed at the ‘disposal of
the Supreme Commander’. Their number was added to in 1917 by one field marshal,
namely Archduke Friedrich. Six generals had fallen in battle, four of them in 1914.
Nine generals had been taken prisoner by the beginning of 1917 ; one of them had
killed himself in May 1915 in Russian prisoner of war captivity.2252 Highborn generals
who were elderly or were no longer (or had actually never been) fit for service at the
front were disposed of by giving them honorary posts, such as Major General Count
Georg Wallis, who became President of the Swords Commission and was to adjudge
in the Vienna War Archives about the decorations to be conferred for active services
in war, or Brigadier Count Miecisław Ledochowski, who became the commander of a
medical transport. The Imperial and Royal Guards also provided a vast field for confer-
ring honourable ranks and impeding indignities. But did it even make sense to attend
to the ancient and high nobility in a special way ? Its members of course continued to
be powerful and, in part, extraordinarily wealthy people. But they had played a minor
role in military matters for a long time and increasingly so in political affairs. Of those
who had reached the rank of general, Count Karl Auersperg, 77 years of age, was
Guards Captain of the Imperial and Royal Trabant Life Guards, Count Karl Huyn
Governor of Galicia, Count Albert Lónyay also Guards Captain in the Trabant Life
Guards, Prince Zdenko Lobkowitz, Adjutant General of Emperor Karl, Prince Alois
Schönburg-Hartenstein Commander of the Mobile Troops on the Home Front and
then Commander of the 6th Army, and Count Herbert Herberstein, Adjutant General
of Archduke Friedrich until the end of 1916 and then Commander of the 6th Cav-
alry Division. The Schwarzenbergs were the only family with a great military tradition,
who provided with Prince Felix zu Schwarzenberg, the Commander of the ‘Kaiser-
jäger’ Imperial Rifles Division, a high-ranking troop commander, but no Colloredo,
Fürstenberg, Harrach, Hohenlohe, Khevenhüller, Windisch-Graetz, no Traun, Kinsky,
Laudon, Esterházy, Apponyi, Széchényi, Palffy and whatever they were called, was to
be found among those who still held a front command. As commander of the small
cruiser Novara, Johannes Prinz von und zu Liechtenstein was the only naval officer
from the high nobility who held a noteworthy command. Abensberg-Traun, Hardegg,
Hoyos, Montecuccoli, Radetzky, Thun-Hohenstein, Waldstein, Festetics, Batthhyány,
THE FIRST WORLD WAR
and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914 – 1918
- Titel
- THE FIRST WORLD WAR
- Untertitel
- and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914 – 1918
- Autor
- Manfried Rauchensteiner
- Verlag
- Böhlau Verlag
- Ort
- Wien
- Datum
- 2014
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-205-79588-9
- Abmessungen
- 17.0 x 24.0 cm
- Seiten
- 1192
- Kategorien
- Geschichte Vor 1918
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- 1 On the Eve 11
- 2 Two Million Men for the War 49
- 3 Bloody Sundays 81
- 4 Unleashing the War 117
- 5 ‘Thank God, this is the Great War!’ 157
- 6 Adjusting to a Longer War 197
- 7 The End of the Euphoria 239
- 8 The First Winter of the War 283
- 9 Under Surveillance 317
- 10 ‘The King of Italy has declared war on Me’ 355
- 11 The Third Front 383
- 12 Factory War and Domestic Front, 1915 413
- 13 Summer Battle and ‘Autumn Swine’ 441
- 14 War Aims and Central Europe 469
- 15 South Tyrol : The End of an Illusion (I) 497
- 16 Lutsk :The End of an Illusion (II) 521
- 17 How is a War Financed ? 555
- 18 The Nameless 583
- 19 The Death of the Old Emperor 607
- 20 Emperor Karl 641
- 21 The Writing on the Wall 657
- 22 The Consequences of the Russian February Revolution 691
- 23 Summer 1917 713
- 24 Kerensky Offensive and Peace Efforts 743
- 25 The Pyrrhic Victory : The Breakthrough Battle of Flitsch-Tolmein 769
- 26 Camps 803
- 27 Peace Feelers in the Shadow of Brest-Litovsk 845
- 28 The Inner Front 869
- 29 The June Battle in Veneto 895
- 30 An Empire Resigns 927
- 31 The Twilight Empire 955
- 32 The War becomes History 983
- Epilogue 1011
- Afterword 1013
- Acknowledgements and Dedication 1019
- Notes 1023
- Selected Printed Sources and Literature 1115
- Index of People and Places 1155