Seite - 1037 - in THE FIRST WORLD WAR - and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914 – 1918

Unleashing the War 1037 292 Baumgart, Julikrise, 196 et seq., No. 133. 293 Ibid., 192 et seq., No. 128. The treatment of the German démarche in the Joint Council of Ministers on 31.7 in : Komjáthy, Ministerratsprotokolle, 154–158. 294 Die deutschen Dokumente zum Kriegsausbruch 1914, Vol. III (Berlin, 1927), 143. 295 After Italy had made it known that it was not impressed by Austria-Hungary’s declaration that it would not make any territorial claims against Serbia and also wanted to spare Montenegro, the Foreign Ministry went a step further and assured Italy that in the event of war with Montenegro it would not attack Mount Lovcén south of Kotor. In this way, the renunciation of a strategic position was expressed. On this see HHStA, PA I, Liasse Krieg, geh. XLVII/la,c ‘Italien’ (November 1914). See : Bruno Vigezzi, L’opinione pubblica Italiana e la Francia nell’estate 1914, in : La France et l’Italie pendant la Première Guerre Mondiale. Actes du Colloque (Grenoble, 1976), 33. 296 HHStA, PA I, Krieg 1914–1918, Liasse XLVII 1a, Copy of a letter from Berchtold to Tisza, 24.8.1914. 297 Popovics, Geldwesen im Kriege, 48–50. 298 Fischer, Griff nach der Weltmacht, 77 et seq.; Baumgart, Julikrise, 196, No. 132 ; Conrad, Dienstzeit, Vol. IV, 151 et seq. 299 Komjáthy, Ministerratsprotokolle, 154–158, 31.7.1914. 300 HHStA, Cabinetts Archiv, Tagebücher der Flügeladjutanten, Vol. 60, entries for 30.7 to 1.8.1914, and KA, Marterer Tagebuch, No. 2, 9.1.1915. 301 KA, Nachlass B/509, Kriegstagebücher des Obersten Karl Schneller 1914–1918 (cited as Schneller Tagebuch) No. 2/1, 7. Several of the diaries transcribed from Gabelsberger shorthand cannot at present be located. 302 HHStA, PA I, Liasse Krieg, geh. XLVII, 1a,c ‘Frankreich’ (October 1914). 303 Maximilian Polatschek, Österreichisch-ungarische Truppen an der Westfront 1914/1918, doctoral the- sis, University of Vienna, 1974, 7–11. 304 TNA, Kew, FO 371/1900/48877, Bunsen’s Report to the Foreign Office, 1.9.1914. 305 HHStA, PA I, Box 497, Liasse Krieg, geh. XLVII, 1a,c ‘England’ (November 1914). 306 Polatschek, Österreichisch-ungarische Truppen, 12 et seqq. A tank cupola from the Antwerp fort ‘Kes- sel’, which was hit by an Austrian mortar shot, can be seen in the Military History Museum in Vienna. 307 HHStA, PA I, Box 497, Liasse Krieg, geh. XLVII, 1a,c ‘Japan’ (November 1914). 308 Ibid. The Japanese, however, as it later transpired, had attempted during the capture of the Austro-Hungarian ships and in the treatment of the crew to be considerate. On the prisoner of war captivity in Japan see the accompanying booklet to the 2008 exhibition in the Austrian State Archives (Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv) ‘Nach der Heimat möchte ich wieder. Die österreichisch-ungarischen Kriegsgefangenen in Japan’. 309 See Michael Howard, Europe on the Eve of the First World War, in : The Coming of the First World War, edited by J. R. Evans and Hartmut Pogge von Strandmann (=  Oxford, 1988), 5. 310 Ibid. 311 Ibid. 312 Neue Freie Presse, morning edition, 25 and 29.7.1914. 313 L. L. Farrar, Jr., Reluctant Warriors : Public Opinion on War during the July Crisis 1914, in : East Euro- pean Quarterly 4 (1982), 421. 314 Ibid., 438. 315 Rudolf G. Ardelt, Die österreichische Sozialdemokratie und der Kriegsausbruch 1914. Die Krise einer politischen Elite, in : Jahrbuch für Zeitgeschichte 1979, edited by the Österreichische Gesellschaft für Zeitgeschichte (Vienna, 1981). 316 Quoted from Hans-Georg Hofer, Nervenschwäche und Krieg. Modernitätskritik und Krisenbewälti- gung in der österreichischen Psychiatrie (1880–1920) (Vienna/Cologne/Graz, 2004), 198.