Seite - 1107 - in THE FIRST WORLD WAR - and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914 – 1918

The Twilight Empire 1107 2293 Schneider, Kriegserinnerungen, 157 : ‘A dreadful tribunal was also set up against the self-mutilators, whose number took on eery proportions.’ 2294 Christop Jahr, Gewöhnliche Soldaten. Desertion und Deserteure im deutschen und britischen Heer 1914–1918 (=  Kritische Studien zur Geschichtswissenschaft 123, Göttingen, 1998), 27. Comprehen- sive : Peter Riedesser, Andreas Verderber, “Maschinengewehre hinter der Front”. Zur Geschichte der deutschen Militärpsychiatrie (Frankfurt am Main, 1996). 2295 Georg Lelewer, Die Militärpersonen, in : Franz Exner, Krieg und Kriminalität in Österreich, op. cit., 111–146. 2296 Ibid. See also Schuh, Geschichte der Desertion, 184. 2297 Ted Peter Konakowitsch, Im Namen seiner Majestät des Kaisers. Die Tätigkeit der Grazer Militärger- ichte 1914 bis 1918, doctoral thesis, University of Graz, 1999, 100. 2298 Wawro, Morale in the Austro-Hungarian Army, 404. 2299 TNA, Kew, WO 106/593, The State of the Austro-Hungarian Army in May 1918 ; see also Wawro, Morale in the Austro-Hungarian Army, 412. 2300 See Chapters 4, 5 and 6 in Cornwall, The Undermining of Austria-Hungary, 74–256. 2301 Wawro, Morale in the Austro-Hungarian Army, 407. 2302 Sonja Kofler, Alltagsgeschichte an der Ortlerfront im 1. Weltkrieg, diploma thesis, University of Inns- bruck, 1999, 115. 2303 Cornwall, The Undermining of Austria-Hungary, 265. 2304 Ibid., 295 and 301. 2305 Wawro, Morale in the Austro-Hungarian Army, 408. 2306 Ibid. 2307 Plaschka, Haselsteiner, Suppan, Inner Front, Vol. 2, 66. 2308 Wawro, Morale in the Austro-Hungarian Army, 408. 2309 Ibid., 412, note 43 2310 Ibid., 409 and note 40. 2311 Schneider, Kriegserinnerungen, 569. 31. The Twilight Empire 2312 Cramon, Bundesgenosse, 176. 2313 Hanks, The End, 257. 2314 Zerfall der europäischen Mitte, 160, Report 329 dated 19.7.1918. 2315 The handwritten letter by the Emperor on this matter in : Hoyer, Kaiser Karl, 161. In this honorary function, Conrad thus followed in the footsteps of the long-serving Chief of the General Staff who had in the interim been retrospectively promoted to the rank of full general, Friedrich Beck-Rzikowsky. 2316 Zerfall der europäischen Mitte, 159, Report 329 dated 19.7.1918. 2317 Arz, Zur Geschichte, 277. In this regard, Arz mentions that Field Marshal Boroević should also have been dismissed ; however, Arz had spoken out against any dismissal, including that of Conrad. 2318 Kriegsarchiv (Austrian War Archives ; hereafter KA), MKSM 25-1/11 ex 1918, Memorandum für Ministerpräsident Wekerle, 18.7.1918. 2319 KA, MKSM 69-6/14-2, AOK, Op. No. 146.427, 22.7.1918. 2320 Glaise-Horstenau, General im Zwielicht I, 482. 2321 The list of descriptions in Fiala, Letzte Offensive, in the bibliography. 2322 KA, MKSM 69-6/14-3, 26.6.1918.