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540 M.vandenHombergandC.McQuistan
the adaptation communication and tomake sure reported data captures the actual
impact of adaptation on impacts and risks and represents the poor and vulnerable.
However, reporting on adaptation has the risk of shifting the burden to developing
countries if efforts to reduce risks are seen as their responsibility (ECBI 2017). It
thereforehastogohandinhandwithafurtherdevelopmentofreportingontheWIM
mechanism. It is also important to treat technology incoherencewith theSDGand
Sendaiframework,andjoinforces inreportingonlossesanddamagesinthebroader
sense (includingL&D).Akindof devolutionhub7 thatmakes access to policies at
global, regional, national and local level easily available and interpretablemightbe
beneficial tostimulatecoherency.Inaddition,standardisationofhowtomeasureand
reporton lossesanddamageswill beessential.
Action inRelation toTechnology toContribute toClimateJustice
Inmanyinstances,communitiesandcountriesstillseemtohaveroomforadaptation
between the soft and hard limit, as indicated by the reported avoidable impacts
and risks. Countries are expected to implement adaptationmeasures to the best of
their capabilities (meaning up to their soft limit) to protect their populations from
climatevariabilityand/or toempower theircitizens,especially thosewith the lowest
capacity to adapt (Winkler andRajamani 2014) ,to implement corresponding risk
avoidancemeasures, given thecommonresponsibility for adaptation.Governments
should provide essential services forDRR, such as a basin-scaleEWSmakinguse
of automated data collection, high-resolution satellite imagery and impact-based
forecasting. But insufficient funding for adaptation is going to the least-developed
countries, and thepoorandvulnerablehave limitedaccess to technologies required
for individual adaptation, let alone forkeepingupwith future risk trends.
Technologycanplayaroleincreatingadditionaladaptationoptionsand/orshifting
thesoftadaptationlimit.Softadaptationlimitsshouldbelevelledbetweendeveloping
and developed countries. Thismeans that the objectives that shape the adaptation
limit shouldnotbedifferent.Technologies shouldbe sharedamong thosecountries
having access and those not having access, recognising the commitment to leave
noonebehind.Whywould anNMHS in adeveloping country settle for lessEWS
lead time than in a developed country? The technologies that do play a role in
transformative actions are in general different from climate-related technologies,
for example ICT technologies for distance learning or for outsourcing IT work.
Technologicaldevelopmentandproliferationhas to involveall stakeholders inafair
and equalmanner (procedural justice). It is essential to create fundingpossibilities
fordevelopingappropriate technologywithinexisting technologymechanismssuch
as from theCTCN.Thevoicesof thepoor andvulnerablehave tobeheard. It does
notallneedtobehigh-tech;manylocal technologiescanbeadaptedwithinvestment
in research, such as biodykes for floodmitigation,with the addedbenefit that they
canbemaintainedby localpeoplewithexistingskill sets.
Thetransparencyframeworkweproposeoverallexposes injustices intechnology
innovation, accessanduse,with theobjectiveofwidening the technologyspectrum
7Suchas fromtheOpenInstitute, seehttp://www.openinstitute.com/devhubv2.
Loss and Damage from Climate Change
Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Titel
- Loss and Damage from Climate Change
- Untertitel
- Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Autoren
- Reinhard Mechler
- Laurens M. Bouwer
- Thomas Schinko
- Swenja Surminski
- JoAnne Linnerooth-Bayer
- Verlag
- Springer Open
- Datum
- 2019
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- CC BY 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-319-72026-5
- Abmessungen
- 16.0 x 24.0 cm
- Seiten
- 580
- Schlagwörter
- Environment, Climate change, Environmental law, Environmental policy, Risk management
- Kategorien
- International
- Naturwissenschaften Umwelt und Klima