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the binding energy of electrons in Ti 2p chemical states. Similar results have been
observedin theheterojunctionsofp-MoO3 nanosheets/n-TiO2 nanofibers [26].
Materials
2016,
9,
90 5
of
12
Figure 4. (a) XPS spectra of Bi 4f; (b) I 3d; and (c) O 1s for BiOI/TiO2‐C30; (d) XPS spectra of Ti 2p for
TiO2 nanofibers (bottom) and
BiOI/TiO2‐C30
(top).
2.4.
Nitrogen
Adsorption
All the samples have typical type‐IV N2 adsorption‐desorption isotherms with H1 hysteresis
indicative of mesoporous structure (Figure 5). The curve of pure TiO2 nanofibers implies a
meso‐ and macropore structure. As we know, the precursor nanofibers of electrospun TiO2
nanofibers consist of polymer and metal salt. During the calcination process, the decomposition of
the polymer and metal salt can result in abundant hierarchical pores with a wide pore size
distribution of more than 2 nm, as shown in Figure 5 inset. For BiOI/TiO2‐C10, there is an obvious
hysteresis loop in the large relative pressure range of 0.9–1.0 (P/P0), indicating the relatively large
pore structure arising from the voids among the BiOI nanosheets on TiO2 nanofibers. The specific
surface areas of these samples are shown in Table 1. It is also worth noting that the BiOI/TiO2‐C10
exhibit lower specific surface areas than that of TiO2 nanofibers, which can be ascribed to the
deposition of BiOI nanosheets blocking the original pores on TiO2. It can be clearly seen that the
relative small pores (2–11 nm) are disappeared, which can be demonstrated by the pore size
distribution of BiOI/TiO2‐C10 in Figure 5 inset. Compared to BiOI/TiO2‐C10, there is an obviously
increased adsorption at high pressure with increased deposition of BiOI nanosheets on TiO2
nanofibers for BiOI/TiO2‐C20 and BiOI/TiO2‐C30, along with increased specific surface areas,
indicating the more and more abundant porosity structures. It is accepted that the porosity is
relative to the amount of BiOI nanosheets depositing on TiO2 nanofibers. Hence, the close
arrangements of BiOI nanosheets on TiO2 nanofibers (see SEM and TEM images) have resulted in
the hierarchical porosity with wide pore size distributions, which are further confirmed by the
corresponding pore size distributions in the inset of Figure 5. These results suggest that the
BiOI/TiO2 nanofibers with abundant porosity and large specific surface areas will increase the
assessable surface areas of the catalyst with dye solution to achieve good photocatalytic activity.
Particularly, the large amount of BiOI nanosheets depositing on TiO2 nanofibers without
independent nucleation will benefit the formation of more p‐n heterojunctions as well as rapid
charge transfer during the
photocatalysis.
Figure4. (a) XPSspectra of Bi4f; (b) I3d; and (c) O1s for BiOI/TiO2-C30; (d) XPS
spectraofTi2pforTiO2 nanofibers (bottom)andBiOI/TiO2-C30(top).
2.4. NitrogenAdsorption
All the samples have typical type-IV N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms with
H1hysteresis in icativeofmesoporousstructure (Figure5). ThecurveofpureTiO2
nanofibers implies a meso- nd macropor structure. As we know, the prec rsor
nanofibers of electrospun TiO2 nanofibers consist of polymer and metal salt. During
thecalcinationprocess, thedecompositionof thepolymera dmetal salt canresult
in abundant hierarchical por s with a wide pore size distribution of more t an 2
nm, as shown in Figure 5 inset. For BiOI/TiO2-C10, there is an obvious hysteresis
loopinthe largerelativepressurera geof0.9–1.0 (P/P0), indicatingtherelatively
large por structure rising from the voids among the BiOI na sh ets on TiO2
nanofibers. The specific surface areas of these samples are shown in Table 1. It is
alsoworthnotingthat theBiOI/TiO2-C10exhibit lowerspecificsurfaceareas than
thatofTiO2 anofibers,whichcanbe scribedto thedepositionofBiOInanosheets
blocking the original pores on TiO2. It can be clearly seen that the relative small
pores (2–11 nm) are disappeared, which can be demonstrated by the pore size
distributionofBiOI/TiO2-C10 inFigure5 inset. C mparedtoBiOI/TiO2-C10, there
135
Photovoltaic Materials and Electronic Devices
- Titel
- Photovoltaic Materials and Electronic Devices
- Autor
- Joshua M. Pearce
- Herausgeber
- MDPI
- Ort
- Basel
- Datum
- 2016
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-03842-217-4
- Abmessungen
- 17.0 x 24.4 cm
- Seiten
- 216
- Schlagwörter
- Perovskite, Plasmonics, Nanostructured Materials, Anti-Reflection Coatings, Transparent Conductive Oxides, Amorphous Silicon, Dye-sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) Materials, Organic Photovoltaic Materials, Solar Energy Materials
- Kategorien
- Naturwissenschaften Physik
- Technik