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30 ♦ Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918
standing in international competition, as notable academies were already
highly valued.44 To guarantee state control over the academy, Archduke John
of Austria served as its curator, and the academy was subjected to censorship
of both its publications and correspondence. However, on 13 March 1848 the
government freed the academy from censorship owing to its inefficiency.
The first president of the academy was the famous diplomat and pioneer
of oriental studies Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall. Before the creation of the
academy, he clashed with politicians over his involvement with a famous
1845 memorandum, Die gegenwärtigen Zustände der Zensur in Österreich
(The present conditions of censorship in Austria).45 During his tenure as
president (1848–49), his political views became milder, and he argued that
the academy should be neither a political nor an educational body but rather
ought to deal with science itself. Under his presidency, the withdrawal from
political involvement was immediate: for instance, the academy refused to
lend its support to political gatherings such as the Frankfurt Parliament.46
Although its pan-imperial character remained contested, the academy
aimed to serve as a supraregional meeting place for scholars across the
empire. The reality, as described in the introduction to this book, lagged
behind these ambitious plans. While regional societies contested the primacy
of Vienna, the academy itself turned to fostering Austrian, that is, German/
Habsburg, science.
The empire’s two scholarly spaces, the provincial and the imperial,
clearly began to grow apart in the early nineteenth century, and the impe-
rial academy was, in a way, a last resort to unify them again. Now I turn to
the universities to show, first, how these institutions dealt with the problem
of spatial disparities before 1848. Then I discuss how the 1848 revolution
changed the universities’ outlooks and brought forward new agendas, which
led to the Thun-Hohenstein–Exner reforms of 1848–49.
The Vormärz University
During the Enlightenment, universities were restructured from autonomous
corporations into state agencies, in which “scholarly education [gelehrte
Ausbildung] turned into a form of ‘state production.’ ” 47 Throughout Europe,
including in other states in the German Confederation, Vormärz was an
epoch in which universities came under increasing supervision from gov-
ernments, which feared, in particular, student unrest.48 Also in Russia, where
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Buch Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918 - A Social History of a Multilingual Space"
Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918
A Social History of a Multilingual Space
- Titel
- Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918
- Untertitel
- A Social History of a Multilingual Space
- Autor
- Jan Surman
- Verlag
- Purdue University Press
- Ort
- West Lafayette
- Datum
- 2019
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- ISBN
- 978-1-55753-861-1
- Abmessungen
- 16.5 x 25.0 cm
- Seiten
- 474
- Schlagwörter
- History, Austria, Eduction System, Learning
- Kategorien
- Geschichte Vor 1918
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- List of Illustrations vi
- List of Tables vii
- Acknowledgments ix
- Note on Language Use, Terminology, and Geography xi
- Abbreviations xiii
- Introduction A Biography of the Academic Space 1
- Chapter 1 Centralizing Science for the Empire 19
- Chapter 2 The Neoabsolutist Search for a Unified Space 49
- Chapterr 3 Living Out Academic Autonomy 89
- Chapter 4 German-Language Universities between Austrian and German Space 139
- Chapter 5 Habsburg Slavs and Their Spaces 175
- Chapter 6 Imperial Space and Its Identities 217
- Chapter 7 Habsburg Legacies 243
- Conclusion Paradoxes of the Central European Academic Space 267
- Appendix 1 Disciplines of Habilitation at Austrian Universities 281
- Appendix 2 Databases of Scholars at Cisleithanian Universities 285
- Notes 287
- Bibliography 383
- Index 445