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50 ♦ Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918
The ongoing reform of the educational system was a pivotal step in
the gradual stabilization and control of the various university regulations
enacted in 1848, which often applied to a single province. Corresponding
to Franz Exner’s Herbartian Bildungs (education) ideology, the reforms en-
visioned a system of educational continuity, encompassing establishments
from Volksschulen (primary schools) to universities; the latter would serve
primarily to educate teachers and prepare textbooks. Education, in the sense
of the development of individual talents, especially through humanistic dis-
ciplines, was supposed to guarantee both loyalty to the throne and scholarly
quality.4 Ministerial policy throughout this period walked a tightrope be-
tween Thun-Hohenstein’s desire to establish Catholic-based scholarship
and the lack of appropriate scholars, which forced him to acknowledge the
need to appoint academics from the non-Habsburg parts of the German
Confederation.
On the spatial level, three major changes characterize this period. First,
the Habsburg universities drew closer to the universities of the German
Confederation on both the symbolic and personal levels. Second, the uni-
fication of university space through the reintroduction of German as the
language of instruction in 1853 was a largely mythologized and politicized
process. The assessment of this change varied widely and also depended on
one’s national orientation.5 Finally, Thun-Hohenstein clearly followed a path
of modernization, which included opening the universities to scholars from
different national backgrounds. This opened a path to the developments in
the 1860s and 1870s, when universities began to drift apart, forming sub-
systems defined by the language they used in teaching.
Toward the Ordinarienuniversität
Thun-Hohenstein took up office in July 1849, in the midst of the final period
of the educational reorganization; only a few days after his inauguration, the
law concerning the organization of the universities was enacted. The new
law reorganized the academic body into an autonomous faculty controlled
by the full professors (Ordinarienuniversität), which weakened the corpo-
rate character of the university. It also permitted freedom of teaching and
learning, at least to an extent, and standardized the curricula.
The central issue remained the question of autonomy, which liberal
scholars and universities saw as a prerequisite to modernization.6 The 1848
laws on Privatdozenten and professorial appointments had strengthened the
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Buch Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918 - A Social History of a Multilingual Space"
Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918
A Social History of a Multilingual Space
- Titel
- Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918
- Untertitel
- A Social History of a Multilingual Space
- Autor
- Jan Surman
- Verlag
- Purdue University Press
- Ort
- West Lafayette
- Datum
- 2019
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- ISBN
- 978-1-55753-861-1
- Abmessungen
- 16.5 x 25.0 cm
- Seiten
- 474
- Schlagwörter
- History, Austria, Eduction System, Learning
- Kategorien
- Geschichte Vor 1918
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- List of Illustrations vi
- List of Tables vii
- Acknowledgments ix
- Note on Language Use, Terminology, and Geography xi
- Abbreviations xiii
- Introduction A Biography of the Academic Space 1
- Chapter 1 Centralizing Science for the Empire 19
- Chapter 2 The Neoabsolutist Search for a Unified Space 49
- Chapterr 3 Living Out Academic Autonomy 89
- Chapter 4 German-Language Universities between Austrian and German Space 139
- Chapter 5 Habsburg Slavs and Their Spaces 175
- Chapter 6 Imperial Space and Its Identities 217
- Chapter 7 Habsburg Legacies 243
- Conclusion Paradoxes of the Central European Academic Space 267
- Appendix 1 Disciplines of Habilitation at Austrian Universities 281
- Appendix 2 Databases of Scholars at Cisleithanian Universities 285
- Notes 287
- Bibliography 383
- Index 445