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Chapter 3 ♦ 101
than a decade).42 A number of Czech scholars also moved to universities
abroad, thus becoming vehicles of scholarly transfer in the humanities and
mathematics (Croatia, Bulgaria) and medicine (the Russian Empire).43 In
fact, more scholars identifying with the Czech project had chairs abroad
than in the empire. Most of them returned in 1882, forming the basis for the
faculties of the Czech Charles-Ferdinand University, although some decided
to continue their careers abroad.
The dissolution of Bohemia into Czech and German public spheres was
a gradual process, and most Czech scholars saw steady but inevitable eman-
cipation as the guarantee of progress. Even nationally oriented scholars like
Purkyně did not plead for an abrupt division but opted for the cohabitation of
languages within scholarly institutions as the ideal state.44 The issue at stake
was how to achieve this cohabitation and how to strengthen a language that
by the 1860s was scarcely being used in academic matters.
To guarantee the development of scholarship in Czech, several or-
ganizations were established; among the first were the Union of Czech
Mathematicians (Jednota českých matematiků), established in 1862 as the
Society for Lectures on Mathematics and Physics (Spolek pro volné před-
nášky z mathematiky a fysiky); the Society of Czech Chemists (Spolek
chemiků českých), established in 1872; and the Society of Czech Physicians
(Spolek lékařů českých), established in 1862. As nationalist institutions,
these societies published Czech-language journals, adding to existing
German-language revues.45 These developments highlighted, or made visi-
ble, the division between the two linguistically codified scientific landscapes
as well as adding to the linguistic division through the conscious choice to
nationalize their proceedings and publications. Bohumil Eiselt, for example,
wrote only for the main Czech-language medical journal, Časopis lékařův
českých (Journal of Czech physicians), after its establishment, although
he had previously published eagerly in the German-language journals of
the Prague faculty. He was also responsible for making this journal purely
Czech, translating a great number of articles that had been sent to him in
German for the journal.46
Strikingly, most of these organizations began as Bohemian societies and
underwent a process of nationalization in a few years. The Society of Czech
Physicians included in its early years a broad range of Bohemian scholars;
however, it conducted its activities in Czech, and its later development led
toward cultural exclusivity. Also, the Union of Czech Mathematicians de-
veloped from a multicultural to a linguistically monolithic organization.
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Buch Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918 - A Social History of a Multilingual Space"
Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918
A Social History of a Multilingual Space
- Titel
- Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918
- Untertitel
- A Social History of a Multilingual Space
- Autor
- Jan Surman
- Verlag
- Purdue University Press
- Ort
- West Lafayette
- Datum
- 2019
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- ISBN
- 978-1-55753-861-1
- Abmessungen
- 16.5 x 25.0 cm
- Seiten
- 474
- Schlagwörter
- History, Austria, Eduction System, Learning
- Kategorien
- Geschichte Vor 1918
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- List of Illustrations vi
- List of Tables vii
- Acknowledgments ix
- Note on Language Use, Terminology, and Geography xi
- Abbreviations xiii
- Introduction A Biography of the Academic Space 1
- Chapter 1 Centralizing Science for the Empire 19
- Chapter 2 The Neoabsolutist Search for a Unified Space 49
- Chapterr 3 Living Out Academic Autonomy 89
- Chapter 4 German-Language Universities between Austrian and German Space 139
- Chapter 5 Habsburg Slavs and Their Spaces 175
- Chapter 6 Imperial Space and Its Identities 217
- Chapter 7 Habsburg Legacies 243
- Conclusion Paradoxes of the Central European Academic Space 267
- Appendix 1 Disciplines of Habilitation at Austrian Universities 281
- Appendix 2 Databases of Scholars at Cisleithanian Universities 285
- Notes 287
- Bibliography 383
- Index 445