Seite - 110 - in Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918 - A Social History of a Multilingual Space
Bild der Seite - 110 -
Text der Seite - 110 -
110 ♦ Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918
decided shortly before World War I but not carried out).93 Since the cities in
question comprised a variety of cultural groups, the ministry had to ensure
that no one cultural group opposed the creation of a university for any other
cultural group. Slovenes were the main challenge to the establishment of an
Italian institution in Trieste, whereas Czech groups contested the location
of such an institution in Vienna, otherwise an elegant solution that would
avoid clashes with Tyrolean and Istrian nationalists.94
In Innsbruck there was also debate about the languages in which stu-
dents should be taught and examined. Since 1867 the civil service in Tyrol
had been multilingual, so this issue concerned the law faculty the most.
Before 1864 students could take Italian rigorosa (oral exams) at several law
faculties across the country, and the University of Innsbruck offered several
Italian lectures. Although both the Tyrolean Diet and the university claimed
the equality of the Italian language at the university (but without a fifty-fifty
division of chairs), the number of Italian lectures gradually diminished, and
the political atmosphere around them grew tense.
In the 1860s the creation of parallel chairs in Italian at the law faculty
resulted in projects proposing the university’s reorganization, with addi-
tional rights for the Italian language—but only to such an extent as to “not
imperil the unity of the German faculty [and to] exclude the lame incubus
of bilingualism [Utraquisierung],”95 as German-speaking professors argued.
In contrast, in the 1870s the ministry ignored demands by the medical fac-
ulty and the Diet for a continuation of bilingual instruction in midwifery in
Innsbruck.96 The final straw was the habilitation of Francesco Menestrina
in Austrian civil law in the Italian language in 1901. This realized what
had legally been possible for decades, but as a direct consequence, both the
German nationalist professors at the university and the influential Tyrolean
Burschenschaften (student fraternities) raised the alarm. Not only was cul-
tural conflict within the province a problem, but so was the possibility of
strengthening pro-Risorgimento Italian activists. The intensity of Tyrolean
nationalization could be perceived even at the level of nationally indifferent
groups such as the Ladinians, whose language became a cause of disagree-
ment in the later nineteenth century: whether it was distinct from Italian or
a dialect of that language.97
In the end, serious clashes among students and the interpellations of
strong German Catholic parliamentarians led in 1904 to the withdrawal
of all privileges for the Italian language and the conversion of its chair into a
zurück zum
Buch Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918 - A Social History of a Multilingual Space"
Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918
A Social History of a Multilingual Space
- Titel
- Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918
- Untertitel
- A Social History of a Multilingual Space
- Autor
- Jan Surman
- Verlag
- Purdue University Press
- Ort
- West Lafayette
- Datum
- 2019
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- ISBN
- 978-1-55753-861-1
- Abmessungen
- 16.5 x 25.0 cm
- Seiten
- 474
- Schlagwörter
- History, Austria, Eduction System, Learning
- Kategorien
- Geschichte Vor 1918
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- List of Illustrations vi
- List of Tables vii
- Acknowledgments ix
- Note on Language Use, Terminology, and Geography xi
- Abbreviations xiii
- Introduction A Biography of the Academic Space 1
- Chapter 1 Centralizing Science for the Empire 19
- Chapter 2 The Neoabsolutist Search for a Unified Space 49
- Chapterr 3 Living Out Academic Autonomy 89
- Chapter 4 German-Language Universities between Austrian and German Space 139
- Chapter 5 Habsburg Slavs and Their Spaces 175
- Chapter 6 Imperial Space and Its Identities 217
- Chapter 7 Habsburg Legacies 243
- Conclusion Paradoxes of the Central European Academic Space 267
- Appendix 1 Disciplines of Habilitation at Austrian Universities 281
- Appendix 2 Databases of Scholars at Cisleithanian Universities 285
- Notes 287
- Bibliography 383
- Index 445