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Chapter 3 ♦ 113
Clearly discernible here is also the different value the ministers placed
on different subjects. While appointments in medicine, the natural sciences,
and mathematics mostly conformed with faculty proposals, the humanities
displayed a residue of the tradition of political involvement in disciplinary
development. Most appointments from outside the faculty proposal took
place in the subjects that had been seen since 1848 as crucial in the pro-
cess of controlling education: in philosophy, 55 percent of the appointees in
1861–1918 had not been included in the faculty proposal; in history, it was
20 percent, and in classical philology, 15 percent.
The new approach to relations between the ministry and the univer-
sities meant a turn toward participative politics in appointments, which
granted more influence to faculties and scholars. The realization of Exner’s
“Entwurf” went even further than initially proposed. Not only were the high-
est officials in the ministry, the Sektionschefs, appointed by the universities
and professors themselves, but the ministry was also successively supported
by deputies from Galician universities and Czech-speaking scholars. This
institutionalized a consultative agency in university matters, making the
Sektionschefs primarily responsible for conducting the appointment proce-
dures in the ministry.
This change is even more striking when one considers the changes
affecting the German and Russian Empires during the same period. In
Prussia, Friedrich Althoff tightly controlled the nominations of university
staff through political maneuvering, guided by a network of informants,
similar to Thun-Hohenstein’s methods a few decades earlier.103 In Russia,
ministers were constantly trying to meddle in university affairs, and this
clearly intensified over the nineteenth century, although the precise effects
of all this have yet to be examined in detail.104 It seems that the Habsburg
Empire was swimming against the current in university matters, clearly
allowing universities more autonomy than its neighbors did.
That said, the division of labor and the influence of individuals on the
final proposals are hard to determine, since ministers also had formal infor-
mants within the universities.105 Correspondence could have been directed
through one of the Sektionschefs or the minister himself, or they could have
held private meetings, speeding up the appointment procedures and clarify-
ing the content of the proposals; however, the records of such meetings were
not preserved, unless described in letters, articles, or memoirs. The sources
used here do not rule out that there was a Habsburg equivalent to Althoff
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Buch Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918 - A Social History of a Multilingual Space"
Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918
A Social History of a Multilingual Space
- Titel
- Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918
- Untertitel
- A Social History of a Multilingual Space
- Autor
- Jan Surman
- Verlag
- Purdue University Press
- Ort
- West Lafayette
- Datum
- 2019
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- ISBN
- 978-1-55753-861-1
- Abmessungen
- 16.5 x 25.0 cm
- Seiten
- 474
- Schlagwörter
- History, Austria, Eduction System, Learning
- Kategorien
- Geschichte Vor 1918
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- List of Illustrations vi
- List of Tables vii
- Acknowledgments ix
- Note on Language Use, Terminology, and Geography xi
- Abbreviations xiii
- Introduction A Biography of the Academic Space 1
- Chapter 1 Centralizing Science for the Empire 19
- Chapter 2 The Neoabsolutist Search for a Unified Space 49
- Chapterr 3 Living Out Academic Autonomy 89
- Chapter 4 German-Language Universities between Austrian and German Space 139
- Chapter 5 Habsburg Slavs and Their Spaces 175
- Chapter 6 Imperial Space and Its Identities 217
- Chapter 7 Habsburg Legacies 243
- Conclusion Paradoxes of the Central European Academic Space 267
- Appendix 1 Disciplines of Habilitation at Austrian Universities 281
- Appendix 2 Databases of Scholars at Cisleithanian Universities 285
- Notes 287
- Bibliography 383
- Index 445