Seite - 158 - in Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918 - A Social History of a Multilingual Space

158 ♦  Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918 remained in Innsbruck (25 percent moved to Graz, 10 percent to Vienna, and 10 percent to the German University in Prague). The number of professors who had only a short residence at a university reflects this difference (see table 9). The medical faculty at Innsbruck was, for thirty-one scholars, an intermediary station in their career (they left after an average of five years). In Graz the same was true for sixteen scholars, while the German University in Prague and the University of Vienna each had only ten appointees from other universities who later pursued a career elsewhere. With regard to philosophical faculties, however, Graz was an intermedi- ary station for twenty-six scholars, the German University in Prague for twenty-five scholars, Innsbruck for twenty scholars, and Vienna for twelve scholars. Vienna was the main university to which scholars returned (that is, those who had acquired at least their habilitation there)—twenty-three to the medical faculty and twenty-nine to the philosophical faculty—while other universities had only an insignificant number of returning scholars. As noted before, only Vienna can be regarded as a training university for the medical sciences. Other universities rarely promoted their own stu- dents, which meant that only a small number of them were appointed to other universities (see table 5). At the same time, Vienna remained the university with the highest number of Privatdozenten who did not advance in their ca- reers: slightly more than 50 percent, in comparison to 40 percent at Graz, 25 percent at Innsbruck, and 14 percent at the German University in Prague.39 At this point, the link between science and practice becomes visible and reinforces the idea of Privatdozentur as a secondary occupation. Scholars who remained Privatdozenten were working in disciplines such as ophthal- mology, laryngology, dentistry, and internal medicine, where scholars could earn money with additional practice outside the university, and the title of docent was prestigious. Scholars in disciplines where an extra-university oc- cupation was more unlikely, such as anatomy and pathology, mostly achieved professorships or, at least, the title of professor. This local and practical dimension surrounding Privatdozenten in Vienna can be viewed through the disciplinary nexus as well. For example, the fields of balneology, syph- idology, the history of medicine, and dentistry had almost no transfers. In internal medicine only around 10 percent changed university in the course of their careers, while around 40 percent of anatomists and pathological anatomists did so. Global numbers illustrate the centrality of the Vienna medical faculty (on transfers among German-language institutions in Cisleithania, see tables