Seite - 160 - in Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918 - A Social History of a Multilingual Space

160 ♦  Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918 6 and 7). In 1848–1918 the Vienna medical faculty exported 102 scholars (72 of them to other German-language institutions in Cisleithania), 77 percent of whom had graduated from Vienna and 87 percent of whom had attained the position of Privatdozent there. At the same time, the faculty appointed eighty instructors (half as professors), of whom 33 percent were its own returning graduates. Twenty-two percent of the appointees came from the German Empire. Nevertheless, not all of the scholars in the latter category were foreigners: nearly half had graduated from Vienna, and in total 72 percent of them had graduated from one of the German-language Habsburg universities; however, only four (20 percent) had habilitated in Vienna. In addition, 23 percent of scholars came from Bohemia, predominantly from the German University in Prague. In the same period, the Graz faculty appointed forty-seven scholars (32 percent of the overall number of instructors), 44 percent of whom came from Vienna and 38 percent from Innsbruck. While the scholars from Vienna were promoted to a higher rank, the scholars from Innsbruck were mostly already full professors and were appointed with no change in rank, although certainly a change in salary. In total, 44 percent of Graz’s faculty members transferred to another university: nine moved to Vienna, eight to Prague, and four to the German Empire. However, young scholars from Graz were appointed to other universities in only nine cases (four of them subsequently returned: one from Prague and three from Innsbruck), and five Privatdozenten moved away from Graz (four to Vienna) and habilitated again. This appointment practice strongly encouraged variety in the top positions in Styria. Among the fifty-six scholars holding the position of full professor in Graz, only 10 percent had graduated from that university, with a high turnover among those positions as well. The German University in Prague similarly remained a university in flux, especially suffering a loss of prestige after the division in 1882. It ex- ported twenty of its own scholars from 1882 onward (this includes scholars who had graduated from the undivided university); they constituted half of all scholars appointed from this university. Ten of them moved to Vienna (in equal parts by being appointed there and by habilitating again), and six to the German Empire (that is, 30 percent of all Prague graduates ap- pointed at other universities), without being subsequently appointed back to Prague (with one exception). During the same period, the faculty appointed thirty-seven scholars, with the majority (twenty-three, or 62 percent) remain- ing at the university until their retirement. Most common were appointments