Ingenieur#
Ingenieur (engineer): protected professional title awarded to individuals who have completed scientific engineering studies or been trained on a scientific basis. University graduates hold the title of "Diplom-Ingenieur". During the First Republic graduates of a Technical University were awarded the title of "Ingenieur" if they left university after the first state examination; during the Second Republic graduates of a Hoehere Technische Lehranstalt (advanced-level technical/engineering school) have been awarded the title of "Ingenieur" after three years of practice. Austria´s EU membership now requires action to bring regulations concerning the status of "Ingenieur" in line with EU practice.