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Isonzo#

Isonzo (Slovene: Soca), River, 136 km, rises in the Julian Alps, flows through the former counties of Gorizia and Gradisca, and finally enters the northern part of the Adriatic Sea in Italy. During World War I the region was the scene of the 12 battles of the Isonzo: In the first 11 battles between June 1915 and August 1917 the Austro-Hungarian troops successfully defended their positions against attempted break-throughs by the Italians to Trieste and the Ljubljana Basin. On October 24, 1917, in the 12th battle of the Isonzo, several Austro-Hungarian armies, with strong German support (German 14th Army), engaged in offensive operations, reaching a break-through at Flitsch (Bovec, Slovenia) and Tolmein (Tolmin, Slovenia). The battle (Italian "battaglia di Caporetto") came to an end when the allied troops reached the River Piave on November 10, 1917. The loss of over 340,000 Italian soldiers and the reduction of the southwest front for the Austro-Hungarian army by 150 km (along with the Peace of Brest-Litovsk with Russia) gave the Central Powers a military reprieve until the spring of 1918.

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