Pädagogik#

Pedagogy; a chair of education theory was established at the University of Vienna in 1805 and it was only from then onwards that pedagogy was regarded as an independent academic discipline. However, even in the Middle Ages personalities like Engelbert von Admont, N. Kempf and E. S. Piccolomini had reflected on the topic of education and teaching. During the early Modern Age strong influences were derived from P. Melanchthon and in particular the Jesuits. During the 18th  century the ideas of Enlightenment also found their expression in the field of pedagogy (G. B. Gaspari, J. I. Felbiger, I. Parhamer, G. F. Marx, F. I. Lang and others). It was not until 1800 that pedagogy established itself as a practical and independent academic discipline in Austria. (V. E. Milde, F. M. Vierthaler, F. Gaheis). In 1849 the holder of the chair of pedagogy in Vienna, V. E. Milde, was removed from office and pedagogy became part of the faculty of philosophy. Under T. Vogt (1835-1906) pedagogy was taught in its own faculty again (a Pedagogical Seminar was established in 1877). At the University of Graz a chair of pedagogy was established in 1909 (E. Martinak). In Innsbruck the chair of philosophy was also given a lectureship in pedagogy in 1930, in 1957 an independent Institute of Pedagogy was established there. Today, pedagogy is also taught at the new Universities of Salzburg and Klagenfurt (orginially "Hochschule fuer Bildungswissenschaft") and at the University of Economics and Business Administration, Vienna (but only to a limited extent, e.g. for Teacher Training). It is also taught at the University of Linz. At the universities although pedagogy is taught (A. Hoefler, R. Meister, M. Heitger, O. Tumlirz etc.) in the light of European developments in this field, the more traditional approach of the universities continues to exert a considerable influence on the training of teachers at Gymnasium secondary schools and their teaching methods. The training of elementary-level teachers is greatly influenced by more modern trends in the field of pedagogy (J. F. Herbart, F. Dittes, O. Willmann, reformed pedagogy etc.).

Literature#