Cuba: People & Society#
| Population | 11,179,995 (July 2016 est.) |
|---|---|
| Nationality | noun: Cuban(s) adjective: Cuban |
| Ethnic groups | white 64.1%, mestizo 26.6%, black 9.3% (2012 est.) |
| Languages | Spanish (official) |
| Religions | nominally Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jewish, Santeria note: prior to CASTRO assuming power |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 16.7% (male 960,832/female 905,904) 15-24 years: 12.44% (male 721,390/female 669,960) 25-54 years: 44.95% (male 2,526,467/female 2,498,882) 55-64 years: 11.27% (male 610,190/female 649,656) 65 years and over: 14.64% (male 751,621/female 885,093) (2016 est.) |
| Dependency ratios | total dependency ratio: 43.4% youth dependency ratio: 23.4% elderly dependency ratio: 20% potential support ratio: 5% (2015 est.) |
| Median age | total: 41.1 years male: 40 years female: 42.2 years (2016 est.) |
| Population growth rate | -0.3% (2016 est.) |
| Birth rate | 10.8 births/1,000 population (2016 est.) |
| Death rate | 8.6 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.) |
| Net migration rate | -5.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.) |
| Population distribution | large population clusters found throughout the country, the more significant ones being in the larger towns and cities, particularly the capital of Havana |
| Urbanization | urban population: 77.1% of total population (2015) rate of urbanization: 0.07% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.) |
| Major urban areas - population | HAVANA (capital) 2.137 million (2015) |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2016 est.) |
| Maternal mortality rate | 39 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.) |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 78.7 years male: 76.4 years female: 81.1 years (2016 est.) |
| Total fertility rate | 1.71 children born/woman (2016 est.) |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate | 74.3% (2010/11) |
| Health expenditures | 11.1% of GDP (2014) |
| Physicians density | 6.72 physicians/1,000 population (2010) |
| Hospital bed density | 5.3 beds/1,000 population (2012) |
| Drinking water source | improved: urban: 96.4% of population rural: 89.8% of population total: 94.9% of population unimproved: urban: 3.6% of population rural: 10.2% of population total: 5.1% of population (2015 est.) |
| Sanitation facility access | improved: urban: 94.4% of population rural: 89.1% of population total: 93.2% of population unimproved: urban: 5.6% of population rural: 10.9% of population total: 6.8% of population (2015 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate | 0.31% (2015 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS | 21,900 (2015 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - deaths | 200 (2015 est.) |
| Major infectious diseases | degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A vectorborne diseases: dengue fever note: active local transmission of Zika virus by Aedes species mosquitoes has been identified in this country (as of August 2016); it poses an important risk (a large number of cases possible) among US citizens if bitten by an infective mosquito; other less common ways to get Zika are through sex, via blood transfusion, or during pregnancy, in which the pregnant woman passes Zika virus to her fetus (2016) |
| Obesity - adult prevalence rate | 27.2% (2014) |
| Education expenditures | 12.8% of GDP (2010) |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.8% male: 99.9% female: 99.8% (2015 est.) |
| School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) | total: 14 years male: 14 years female: 14 years (2014) |
| Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 | total: 6.1% male: 6.4% female: 5.6% (2010 est.) |
| People - note | illicit emigration is a continuing problem; Cubans attempt to depart the island and enter the US using homemade rafts, alien smugglers, direct flights, or falsified visas; Cubans also use non-maritime routes to enter the US including direct flights to Miami and overland via the southwest border; the number of Cubans migrating to the US has surged since the beginning of improved US-Cuban relations in late December 2014 |