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Guinness#

by Elisabeth Ertl

St. James Gate Brewery
St. James Gate Brewery
© Elisabeth Ertl

In 1759 the successful story of Arthur Guinness and his beer started in Dublin with the signing of a contract of lease of the St. Jame's Gate Brewery in Dublin Guinness Storehouse, Irland for the next 9.000 years for 45 pounds per year. Ten years later the first kegs of beer were exported to England. In 1801 first sales were done in the Caribbean.

St. James Gate Brewery
St. James Gate Brewery
© Elisabeth Ertl
At the time of the change in leadership between Arthur Guinness and his son Arthur in 1803, Guinness ruled nearly all of the grain and beer trade. Over the next years, overcoming an economic slack period, the company grew steadily and developed into the biggest employer of coopers. After the tax on glass was abolished in 1834, beer was sold in glass bottles. In 1868 the harp and the signature of Arthur Guinness were introduced as trademarks. That brewing beer is a science soon became evident as the first employee with a university degree was hired in 1893.

At the beginning of the 20th century nearly 3.240 people were employed, this means that if you count them and their families, nearly 10.000 people, or every thirtieth inhabitant of Dublin, was tied to the success of the Guinness brewery. During World War II the export was nearly kept up, but at the end of the war until 1947 export was given up. In 1963 the first brewery outside of Great Britain was built in Nigeria, which gained its independence from Great Britain three years prior.

In 2001 approximately two billion pints of Guinness were drunk every year, of which nearly one million was sold solely in Great Britain. Guinness is sold and drunk in over 150 countries and brewed in 50 countries of the world. Nowadays, over 250 years after its founding, over 850 million litres are sold every year.

The distinctive burnt flavour of a Guinness beer derives from roasted unmalted barley. In the past the lactic flavour was achieved by blending a portion of aged brew with freshly brewed beer. There are in fact several different intensities, depending on the preference of the consumer and climatic conditions, for example, Special Export Stout, Foreign Extra Stout, Bitter, Original/Extra Stout, Draught und Mid Strength. Extra Stout has the highest intensity and is sold primarily in the tropics.


Guinness beer
Guinness beer
Photo: Tamorlan under CC taken from Wikipedia
St. James Gate Brewery
St. James Gate Brewery
© Elisabeth Ertl
Guinnes beer
Guinness beer
Photo: Burntpunch under CC taken from Wikipedia

Sources:

  • Irland, Verlag Karl Baedeker, 2013
  • Wikipedia (cited 2014 Dec 10)