| Name | Category | Year | Motivation |
|---|
| Daniel Bovet | Medicine | 1957 | "for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles" |
| Mario R. Capecchi | Medicine | 2007 | "for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells" |
| Giosuè Carducci | Literature | 1906 | "not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces" |
| Grazia Deledda | Literature | 1926 | "for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general" |
| Renato Dulbecco | Medicine | 1975 | "for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell" |
| Enrico Fermi | Physics | 1938 | "for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons" |
| Dario Fo | Literature | 1997 | "who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden" |
| Riccardo Giacconi | Physics | 2002 | "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources" |
| Camillo Golgi | Medicine | 1906 | "in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system" |
| Rita Levi-Montalcini | Medicine | 1986 | "for their discoveries of growth factors" |
| Salvador E. Luria | Medicine | 1969 | "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses" |
| Guglielmo Marconi | Physics | 1909 | "in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy" |
| Franco Modigliani | Economics | 1985 | "for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets" |
| Ernesto Teodoro Moneta | Peace | 1907 | |
| Eugenio Montale | Literature | 1975 | "for his distinctive poetry which, with great artistic sensitivity, has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions" |
| Giulio Natta | Chemistry | 1963 | "for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers" |
| Giorgio Parisi | Physics | 2021 | "for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales." |
| Luigi Pirandello | Literature | 1934 | "for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art" |
| Salvatore Quasimodo | Literature | 1959 | "for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times" |
| Carlo Rubbia | Physics | 1984 | "for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction" |
| Emilio Gino Segrè | Physics | 1959 | "for their discovery of the antiproton" |
| World Food Programme (WFP) | Peace | 2020 | "for its efforts to combat hunger, for its contribution to bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas and for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict" |