| Name | Category | Year | Motivation |
|---|
| Kurt Alder | Chemistry | 1950 | "for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis" |
| Friedrich Bergius | Chemistry | 1931 | "in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods" |
| Günter Blobel | Medicine | 1999 | "for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell" |
| Konrad Bloch | Medicine | 1964 | "for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism" |
| Max Born | Physics | 1954 | "for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction" |
| Georges Charpak | Physics | 1992 | "for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber" |
| Marie Curie, née Sklodowska | Chemistry | 1911 | "in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element" |
| Gerhard Domagk | Medicine | 1939 | "for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil" |
| Paul Ehrlich | Medicine | 1908 | "in recognition of their work on immunity" |
| Maria Goeppert Mayer | Physics | 1963 | "for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure" |
| Günter Grass | Literature | 1999 | "whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history" |
| Fritz Haber | Chemistry | 1918 | "for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements" |
| Albert Abraham Michelson | Physics | 1907 | "for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid" |
| Isidor Isaac Rabi | Physics | 1944 | "for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei" |
| Tadeus Reichstein | Medicine | 1950 | "for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects" |
| Wladyslaw Stanislaw Reymont | Literature | 1924 | "for his great national epic, The Peasants" |
| Joseph Rotblat | Peace | 1995 | "for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms" |
| Reinhard Selten | Economics | 1994 | "for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games" |
| Henryk Sienkiewicz | Literature | 1905 | "because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer" |
| Isaac Bashevis Singer | Literature | 1978 | "for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life" |
| Otto Stern | Physics | 1943 | "for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton" |
| Wislawa Szymborska | Literature | 1996 | "for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality" |
| Emil Adolf von Behring | Medicine | 1901 | "for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths" |
| Klaus von Klitzing | Physics | 1985 | "for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect" |
| Olga Tokarczuk | Literature | 2018 | 2019 retroactively awarded for 2018 |
| Lech Walesa | Peace | 1983 | |