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âdoubleâ and âhalfâ; with reference to contraries by âbadâ and âgoodâ.
Opposites in the sense of âprivativesâ and âpositivesâ areâ blindnessâ and
âsightâ; in the sense of affirmatives and negatives, the propositions âhe sitsâ,
âhe does not sitâ.
(i) Pairs of opposites which fall under the category of relation are explained
by a reference of the one to the other, the reference being indicated by the
preposition âofâ or by some other preposition. Thus, double is a relative term,
for that which is double is explained as the double of something. Knowledge,
again, is the opposite of the thing known, in the same sense; and the thing
known also is explained by its relation to its opposite, knowledge. For the
thing known is explained as that which is known by something, that is, by
knowledge. Such things, then, as are opposite the one to the other in the sense
of being correlatives are explained by a reference of the one to the other.
(ii) Pairs of opposites which are contraries are not in any way
interdependent, but are contrary the one to the other. The good is not spoken
of as the good of the had, but as the contrary of the bad, nor is white spoken
of as the white of the black, but as the contrary of the black. These two types
of opposition are therefore distinct. Those contraries which are such that the
subjects in which they are naturally present, or of which they are predicated,
must necessarily contain either the one or the other of them, have no
intermediate, but those in the case of which no such necessity obtains, always
have an intermediate. Thus disease and health are naturally present in the
body of an animal, and it is necessary that either the one or the other should
be present in the body of an animal. Odd and even, again, are predicated of
number, and it is necessary that the one or the other should be present in
numbers. Now there is no intermediate between the terms of either of these
two pairs. On the other hand, in those contraries with regard to which no such
necessity obtains, we find an intermediate. Blackness and whiteness are
naturally present in the body, but it is not necessary that either the one or the
other should be present in the body, inasmuch as it is not true to say that
everybody must be white or black. Badness and goodness, again, are
predicated of man, and of many other things, but it is not necessary that either
the one quality or the other should be present in that of which they are
predicated: it is not true to say that everything that may be good or bad must
be either good or bad. These pairs of contraries have intermediates: the
intermediates between white and black are grey, sallow, and all the other
colours that come between; the intermediate between good and bad is that
which is neither the one nor the other.
Some intermediate qualities have names, such as grey and sallow and all
the other colours that come between white and black; in other cases, however,
25
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Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156