Seite - 190 - in The Complete Aristotle
Bild der Seite - 190 -
Text der Seite - 190 -
necessary, others variable.
Looking at it in this way we see that, since the number of conclusions is
indefinite, the basic truths cannot be identical or limited in number. If, on the
other hand, identity is used in another sense, and it is said, e.g. ‘these and no
other are the fundamental truths of geometry, these the fundamentals of
calculation, these again of medicine’; would the statement mean anything
except that the sciences have basic truths? To call them identical because they
are self-identical is absurd, since everything can be identified with everything
in that sense of identity. Nor again can the contention that all conclusions
have the same basic truths mean that from the mass of all possible premisses
any conclusion may be drawn. That would be exceedingly naive, for it is not
the case in the clearly evident mathematical sciences, nor is it possible in
analysis, since it is the immediate premisses which are the basic truths, and a
fresh conclusion is only formed by the addition of a new immediate premiss:
but if it be admitted that it is these primary immediate premisses which are
basic truths, each subject-genus will provide one basic truth. If, however, it is
not argued that from the mass of all possible premisses any conclusion may
be proved, nor yet admitted that basic truths differ so as to be generically
different for each science, it remains to consider the possibility that, while the
basic truths of all knowledge are within one genus, special premisses are
required to prove special conclusions. But that this cannot be the case has
been shown by our proof that the basic truths of things generically different
themselves differ generically. For fundamental truths are of two kinds, those
which are premisses of demonstration and the subject-genus; and though the
former are common, the latter-number, for instance, and magnitude-are
peculiar.
33
Scientific knowledge and its object differ from opinion and the object of
opinion in that scientific knowledge is commensurately universal and
proceeds by necessary connexions, and that which is necessary cannot be
otherwise. So though there are things which are true and real and yet can be
otherwise, scientific knowledge clearly does not concern them: if it did, things
which can be otherwise would be incapable of being otherwise. Nor are they
any concern of rational intuition-by rational intuition I mean an originative
source of scientific knowledge-nor of indemonstrable knowledge, which is
the grasping of the immediate premiss. Since then rational intuition, science,
and opinion, and what is revealed by these terms, are the only things that can
be ‘true’, it follows that it is opinion that is concerned with that which may be
true or false, and can be otherwise: opinion in fact is the grasp of a premiss
190
zurück zum
Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156