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its genus; e.g. if we want to show that rightness and wrongness are possible in
regard to perception, and to perceive is to judge, while it is possible to judge
rightly or wrongly, then in regard to perception as well rightness and
wrongness must be possible. In the present instance the proof proceeds from
the genus and relates to the species: for ‘to judge’ is the genus of ‘to —
perceive’; for the man who perceives judges in a certain way. But per contra it
may proceed from the species to the genus: for all the attributes that belong to
the species belong to the genus as well; e.g. if there is a bad and a good
knowledge there is also a bad and a good disposition: for ‘disposition’ is the
genus of knowledge. Now the former commonplace argument is fallacious for
purposes of establishing a view, while the second is true. For there is no
necessity that all the attributes that belong to the genus should belong also to
the species; for ‘animal’ is flying and quadruped, but not so ‘man’. All the
attributes, on the other hand, that belong to the species must of necessity
belong also to the genus; for if ‘man’ is good, then animal also is good. On
the other hand, for purposes of overthrowing a view, the former argument is
true while the latter is fallacious; for all the attributes which do not belong to
the genus do not belong to the species either; whereas all those that are
wanting to the species are not of necessity wanting to the genus.
Since those things of which the genus is predicated must also of necessity
have one of its species predicated of them, and since those things that are
possessed of the genus in question, or are described by terms derived from
that genus, must also of necessity be possessed of one of its species or be
described by terms derived from one of its species (e.g. if to anything the term
‘scientific knowledge’ be applied, then also there will be applied to it the term
‘grammatical’ or ‘musical’ knowledge, or knowledge of one of the other
sciences; and if any one possesses scientific knowledge or is described by a
term derived from ‘science’, then he will also possess grammatical or musical
knowledge or knowledge of one of the other sciences, or will be described by
a term derived from one of them, e.g. as a ‘grammarian’ or a ‘musician’)-
therefore if any expression be asserted that is in any way derived from the
genus (e.g. that the soul is in motion), look and see whether it be possible for
the soul to be moved with any of the species of motion; whether (e.g.) it can
grow or be destroyed or come to be, and so forth with all the other species of
motion. For if it be not moved in any of these ways, clearly it does not move
at all. This commonplace rule is common for both purposes, both for
overthrowing and for establishing a view: for if the soul moves with one of
the species of motion, clearly it does move; while if it does not move with any
of the species of motion, clearly it does not move.
If you are not well equipped with an argument against the assertion, look
among the definitions, real or apparent, of the thing before you, and if one is
226
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Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156